规模化苹果专业户借贷行为研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 03:17

  本文关键词：规模化苹果专业户借贷行为研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 借贷行为 借贷需求 借贷渠道选择行为 规模化专业户 苹果

【摘要】：随着农业经营制度演进,农业产业结构调整,以及农业劳动力非农化、农地流转速度加快,中国农户呈现快速分化与整合态势。主要表现是:随着农户之间的农地流转与集中,以家庭经营为主的小规模经营农户趋于减少,同时诱致具有新型农业经营主体特征的规模化苹果专业户成长。在规模化的专业农户成长的过程中,需要注重创新农户信贷机制、培育与之相适应的信贷市场环境。更为重要的是,由于生产经营规模、存量资本、技术装备水平、经营能力与方式方面的差异,专业化农户的融资方式和信贷需求与供给特征也存在差别。但我国现行的农村金融管理体制改革滞后,农村正规金融机构的信贷产品创新及商业模式创新,难以满足规模化的专业农户的信贷层次需求。因此,探索规模化苹果专业户借贷行为规律与特征,促进农村正规金融机构创新发展,具有重要意义。基于以上判断,本文以规模化苹果专业户为研究的基本单元,以农户借贷需求、决策行为和借贷渠道选择行为为研究对象,运用规范分析方法,分析规模化苹果专业户借贷行为概念及特征,揭示规模化苹果专业户借贷行为倾向,建立苹果专业户借贷行为理论体系;以规范分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法,采用全国4个苹果主产省的908个规模化苹果专业户微观调查数据,识别规模化苹果专业户借贷层次需求和借贷决策行为特征与规律、借贷渠道选择行为影响机理。并进一步分析规模化苹果专业户正规、非正规借贷行为特征及影响因素。探讨缓解农村金融市场借贷匹配扭曲和优化农村二元金融结构的方法和路径,为农村正规金融机构的信贷产品创新及商业模式创新提供理论依据和实证参考。按照“规模化苹果专业户借贷行为概念及特征分析-借贷需求及借贷决策行为特征、影响因素分析-借贷渠道选择行为倾向分析-正规、非正规借贷行为特征及影响机理分析-规模化苹果专业户借贷政策优化”的研究逻辑,将论文的研究内容划分为:第一部分为导论,包括第一章,围绕规模化苹果专业户借贷行为研究的重要性,阐明论文的研究背景及问题,凝练研究目的和意义。在综述和评价国内外农户借贷行为与农村二元金融研究文献基础上,说明深入规模化苹果专业户借贷行为特征及决定因素,是农户借贷行为领域值得研究的重要内容。根据研究目的和研究价值,设计技术路线、研究方法、抽样方法及数据获取方法,并归纳和提炼本文的创新之处。第二部分为规模化苹果专业户借贷行为理论分析,包括第二章、第三章。将农村金融体系理论与农户借贷行为理论相结合,在分析规模化苹果专业户借贷行为概念基础上,揭示规模化苹果专业户借贷行为倾向和借贷行为影响因素,建立苹果专业户借贷行为理论体系。运用规范分析为主的研究方法,凝练形成本文理论假设。第三部分为规模化苹果专业户借贷行为实证检验,包括第四章、第五章、第六章、第七章。第四章,采用全国苹果主产区908户规模化苹果专业户实地调查数据统计描述分析不同规模规模化苹果专业户借贷行为规律和特征。第五章,运用有序多分类logit模型,分析农村金融市场中规模化苹果专业户借贷匹配决定因素。第六章,运用tobitiii模型识别规模化苹果专业户正规借贷行为主要影响因素。第七章,运用多元logistic模型分析影响规模化苹果专业户非正规借贷行为的主要影响因素。第四部分为规模化苹果专业户借贷政策优化,包括第八章。结合规模化苹果专业户借贷需求和决策行为分析、借贷渠道选择决定因素,探讨缓解农村金融市场借贷匹配扭曲问题,以及优化农村二元金融结构的方法和路径。主要研究结论主要包括以下五个方面:(1)规模化苹果专业户借贷需求统计描述分析形成以下结论:一是规模化苹果专业户借贷需求行为主要受资本拥有量影响。资本拥有量是规模化苹果专业户与非规模化苹果专业户信贷特征存在差异的根本原因。规模化苹果专业户具有家庭资源禀赋较高的特征,具有高资本拥有量的专业化农户对于大额的生产性信贷需求强烈。二是不同规模专业化农户借贷需求行为表现出层次性。小规模的专业化农户具有期望额度低、季节性周转的中短期的正规信贷需求特征;中规模的专业化农户具有期望额度低、季节性周转和一定量的农机投资、扩大生产中短期的正规信贷需求特征;规模化苹果专业户具有期望额度高、季节性周转和一定量的扩大生产需要的中短期和长期的正规信贷需求特征。随着资本拥有量的积累,专业化农户信贷需求呈额度大额、期限长期、借贷资金更倾向扩大生产的特征。(2)规模化苹果专业户借贷决策行为统计描述分析形成以下结论:规模化苹果专业户行为在借贷渠道、额度、利率、期限、用途、抵押担保及隐性成本方面存在差异。借贷渠道方面,规模化苹果专业户主要借贷渠道为非正规渠道,而正规渠道只占非正规渠道份额的约一半,其中农信社借贷发生次数最高。借贷额度方面,每笔借贷额度呈现分散性特征,且正规渠道每笔借贷额度普遍大于非正规借贷。对于正规渠道借贷,规模越大的农户,每笔借贷额度倾向于越大。借贷期限方面,借贷期限以短期为主;借贷用途方面,借贷用途较为分散并呈现多样化特征,但正规借贷以生产性借贷用途为主,非正规借贷生产和生活用途并重。抵押担保方面,正规借贷大部分有担保,一部分需要抵押;而非正规借贷只有小部分需要担保。抵押形式单一,主要是房屋或家中大件、专业化农户规模经营的土地。担保人主要是亲戚朋友。隐性成本方面,正规借贷隐性成本较非正规借贷高,审批等待时间长,每笔交通费和礼金等隐性成本较高。(3)规模化苹果专业户借贷渠道选择行为影响的实证分析形成以下结论:农户借贷选择行为的决定因素是标准信息禀赋和社会资本。总的来看,表征标准信息禀赋的变量中,土地经营面积、家庭收入、家庭资产均能显著增加农户获得贷款(包括正规贷款和非正规贷款)的概率。表征社会资本的变量,农户与亲朋交往深度(出借给亲朋)会降低农户获得贷款的概率;而与亲朋交往广度(邻里和睦信任程度)、农户信誉(未还借款)则会增加农户获得贷款的概率。不同借贷渠道来看,表征标准信息禀赋的变量中,农户土地经营面积越大、家庭总收入和总资产越高,表示其具有较强的偿还能力,获得正规贷款的概率越大。表征社会资本的变量中,出借给亲朋、邻里和睦信任、合作社加入均增加了农户成为非正规借款者的概率,而降低其成为正规借款者的概率。(4)规模化苹果专业户正规借贷行为影响的实证分析形成以下结论:一是规模化苹果专业户正规借贷行为主要影响因素是家庭经济结构特征。不同规模农户正规信贷需求和正规信贷行为影响因素存在异质性。小规模农户正规信贷需求主要受户主特征、消费特征和生产特征的影响;中规模农户主要受户主特征、消费特征、生产特征和家庭经济结构特征的影响;而规模化苹果专业户主要受家庭经济结构特征的影响。二是利率变化与正规信贷需求呈现负相关。利率越高,农户会倾向于减少对正规信贷的需求量。不同规模农户的信贷规模需求对于利率弹性存在异质性,规模越大对于利率越敏感。三是影响正规信贷需求与影响正规信贷规模需求的因素表现出明显的差异性。同时显著影响正规信贷需求和正规信贷规模需求的变量有生产特征中的劳动力、家庭经济结构特征中的自营工商业和家庭抚养比。(5)规模化苹果专业户非正规借贷行为影响的实证分析形成以下结论:规模化苹果专业户非正规借贷行为主要是影响因素是社会资本。且社会资本中社区关系、与合作组织的关系、亲朋间的信任程度、农户信誉均对非正规金融借贷产生显著作用。社会资本作为“软信息”,可以降低非正规金融贷款者的甄别成本,降低借款人的道德风险和逆向选择。非正规金融活动的存在有其自身内在的生存机制,同时由于非正规放贷者解决农村金融市场问题上的能力大于正规金融放贷者。本文研究结果表明规模化苹果专业户借贷需求和借贷决策行为主要受资本拥有量影响,资本拥有量的不同导致了规模化苹果专业户不同层次的借贷需求特征。农户借贷选择行为的决定因素是标准信息禀赋和社会资本。规模化苹果专业户正规借贷行为主要受家庭经济结构特征影响;非正规借贷行为主要受社会资本的影响。正规金融和非正规金融各自具有比较优势,农村二元金融结构发展趋势是农村金融联结。因此,政府应针对不同规模信贷群体应采取差别化的定价策略;创新贷款技术、信贷产品和服务;合理引导规模化农户改善家庭经济结构,提高农户信贷可获得性;并且推进金融联结,改善农村二元金融结构。
[Abstract]:With the evolution of the system of agricultural management, agricultural industrial structure adjustment, and agricultural labor force, land transfer speed, China farmers showed rapid differentiation and integration trend. The main performance is: with the farmers between land circulation and concentration of the household based small scale farmers tend to decrease, while the scale of the apple specialist has induced model the main characteristics of agricultural business growth. The growth process in the scale of professional farmers, farmers need to pay attention to the credit mechanism innovation, cultivate and adapt to the credit market environment. More importantly, because of the scale of production and operation, the stock of capital, technology and equipment level, differences in management ability and the professional farmers the way of financing and credit supply and demand characteristics are also different. But China's current rural financial management system reform lags behind, the rural formal financial machine The innovation of credit product innovation and business model structure, it is difficult to meet the scale of professional household credit demand level. Therefore, to explore the scale of Apple specialist lending behavior rules and characteristics, promoting the innovative development of rural formal financial institutions, which is of great significance. Based on the above judgment, the scale of the apple specialist as the basic unit of study. The borrowing needs of the farmers, the decision-making behavior and the lending channel choice behavior as the research object, using the standard analysis method, analysis the concept and characteristics of scale Apple specialist borrowing, lending behavior scale revealed Apple specialist tendency, the establishment of the system of apple specialist lending behavior theory; research method of combining normative analysis and empirical analysis, using the 4 an apple producing provinces of 908 large-scale Apple specialist micro survey data, identify the scale of Apple demand loan level by specialist And the lending decision behavior characteristics and rules of behavior, the influence mechanism of choice of borrowing channels. And further analysis of the scale of the apple specialist features of formal, informal lending behavior and the influence of rural financial markets to ease lending. Matching method and path distortion and optimization of structure of two yuan in rural finance, provide the basis for theoretical and empirical reference for the innovation of credit product innovation and the business model of rural formal financial institutions. In accordance with the "scale of the concept and characteristics of Apple specialist lending behavior analysis - loan demand and lending decisions and behavior characteristics, analysis of influencing factors lending channel choice behavior tendency analysis - Analysis of formal logic scale Apple specialist lending policy optimization" mechanism of informal lending behavior and influence that will be divided into the content of the paper: the first part is the introduction, including the first chapter, on the scale of apple industry The importance of household borrowing behavior research, clarify the research background and issues, research purpose and significance. In a concise review and evaluation of domestic and foreign borrowing behavior of rural households and two yuan of financial research literature on the basis of description of households borrowing behavior characteristics and determinants of Apple size, is an important research field is farmers' borrowing behaviors according to the research purpose and research value, research methods, technical route design, sampling method and data acquisition method, and summed up the innovation of this paper. The second part is the scale of the borrowing behavior of Apple specialist theoretical analysis, including chapter second, chapter third. The rural credit behavior theory and the peasant household financial system combined with the theory of the analysis of large-scale Apple specialist lending behavior based on the concept, reveal the factors of Apple specialist borrowing scale tendency and borrowing behavior, establish Specialist system borrowing Apple theory. The research method which uses normative analysis, concise form the theoretical hypothesis. The third part is the empirical scale specialist borrowing Apple test, including the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, the sixth chapter, the seventh chapter. The fourth chapter, using the apple production area of 908 large-scale Apple specialist investigation data statistics description and analysis of different scale scale Apple specialist borrowing behavior rules and characteristics. In the fifth chapter, by using the ordinal logit model, analysis of the rural financial market scale, determinants of lending Apple specialist. In the sixth chapter, using the tobitiii model to identify the scale of the apple specialist formal credit behavior of the main factors. In the seventh chapter, the main influencing factors of multiple the logistic model to analyze the impact of large-scale Apple specialist informal borrowing behavior. The fourth part is the scale of apple Specialist lending policy optimization, including the eighth chapter. Scale analysis of Apple specialist borrowing needs and decision-making behavior based lending channel selection decision factors, to explore the rural financial markets to ease lending, distortions, and optimization of the rural financial structure of two yuan method and path. The main conclusions of the study include the following five aspects: (1) scale Apple specialist loan demand statistics analysis leads to the following conclusions: one is the scale of the apple specialist loan demand behavior is mainly affected by capital ownership. Capital ownership is the size of the apple specialized households and the non scale characteristics of Apple specialist differences cause. The credit scale of Apple has higher specialist family resources endowment characteristics, has professional farmers have high amount of capital for the large production of strong credit demand. Two different scale professional farmers Loan demand behavior level. Professional small-scale farmers having a desired amount is low, characteristics of short-term credit demand seasonal turnover; specialized farmers in scale with the desired amount is low, the seasonal turnover and a certain amount of agricultural investment, expand the characteristics of formal credit demand in the short-term production scale; Apple specialist with the desired amount is high, need to expand production in the short-term and long-term demand for formal credit characteristics of seasonal turnover and a certain amount of. Along with the amount of capital accumulation, specialized farmer credit demand is the amount of large, long term loans, funds tend to expand production characteristics. (2) the scale of Apple specialist lending the decision-making behavior of statistical analysis leads to the following conclusions: the scale of the apple specialist in lending channel, interest rate, term, amount, purpose, collateral and hidden costs of deposit The differences in the lending channel. The scale, mainly for Apple specialist lending channel non formal channels, and formal channels only about half the share of non formal channels, including rural credit cooperatives lending. The highest number of loan amount, each loan is showing the amount of dispersion characteristics, and the formal channels of each loan amount is generally greater than the informal lending for a regular lending channels, the greater the size of the household, a loan amount is large. The tendency of Yu Yue loan period, the duration of the loan based on short-term borrowing; use, loan applications are more dispersed and presents diverse characteristics, but the formal lending to productive loan applications, informal lending production and life use both mortgage. Most formal credit guarantees, secured a part of informal lending and mortgage; only a small part of the need to guarantee mortgage. If the form is single, the main house or home In large scale operation, specialization of farmers land. The guarantor is mainly relatives and friends. The hidden costs, formal lending hidden costs of informal lending, and long waiting time of each traffic fee and gifts and other hidden costs higher. (3) an empirical analysis of the scale of the apple specialist lending channel choice behavior formation the following conclusions: the factors of farmers borrowing choice behavior decision is the standard information resources and social capital. In general, characterization of standard information endowment variables, the area of land management, household income, household assets can significantly increase farmers to obtain loans (including formal and informal loans loans) probability. Characterization of variables of social capital, and farmers the depth of communication (to relatives and relatives) will reduce the probability of farmers to obtain loans; and communication with relatives and breadth (neighborhood harmony trust degree), farmers credit (not yet borrowings) will Increase the probability of farmers to obtain loans. Different lending channels, characterization of standard information endowment variables, land management area is larger, the total family income and total assets is higher, said it has a strong ability to repay, the probability of getting formal loans more. Characterization of social capital variables, to relatives and friends, neighbors peace trust, increase farmers become cooperatives join probability of informal borrowers, and reduce the probability of becoming regular borrowers. (4) an empirical analysis of the scale of the apple specialist formal lending behavior leads to the following conclusions: the first factor is the scale of Apple specialist formal lending practices are the main influencing factors of family economic structure. The different size of credit demand and credit behavior heterogeneity. Small scale credit demand is mainly affected by household characteristics, consumer characteristics and production The influence of the features; in the scale of farmers is mainly affected by household characteristics, consumer characteristics, production characteristics and family economic structure; and the effect of scale of apple is mainly affected by the economic structure characteristic of family households. Two is negatively related to changes in interest rates and credit demand. The higher the interest rate, farmers will tend to reduce the amount of formal credit different demand. The scale of farmers' credit scale demand for the interest rate elasticity of heterogeneity, the larger the interest rate for the more sensitive. Three is the impact of formal credit demand and influencing factors of formal credit demand scale showed obvious differences. At the same time significantly affect the formal credit demand and formal credit demand scale variables production characteristics labor, family economic structure characteristic of theproprietary business and family support ratio. (5) an empirical scale Apple specialist informal lending behavior analysis The formation of the following conclusions: the scale of Apple specialist informal borrowing is the main influencing factors of social capital and social capital. Community relations, relations and cooperation organization, the degree of trust between friends and relatives, the farmers reputation all have significant effects on non formal financial loans. Social capital as "soft information", can reduce the informal finance the cost of screening borrowers, reducing moral hazard and adverse selection of borrowers. Informal financial activities has its own intrinsic survival mechanism, at the same time as the informal lenders to solve rural financial market problems on more than formal financial lenders. The results of this study indicate that the scale of borrowing and lending decisions Apple specialist demand behavior the effects of different amount of capital, the amount of capital held in loan demand features of different levels of scale Apple households by specialist. Determinants of loan choice behavior is the standard information resources and social capital. The scale of the apple specialist formal lending behavior is mainly affected by family economic structure influence; informal lending behavior is mainly affected by the social capital. The formal and informal finance have their respective comparative advantages, the development of rural financial structure is the trend of two yuan of rural financial linkage. Therefore, the government should adopt different pricing strategies for different scale credit groups; technology innovation loan, credit products and services; reasonable scale guide farmers to improve family economic structure, improve the availability of credit; and promote financial linkage, improve rural financial structure of two yuan.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.43;F302.6
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本文编号：1431308