黑龙江省不同地区冬季日光温室蔬菜生产模式及效益分析

发布时间：2018-01-16 19:11

本文关键词：黑龙江省不同地区冬季日光温室蔬菜生产模式及效益分析　出处：《北方园艺》2017年22期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：2016年9—12月对黑龙江省7个县区的日光温室蔬菜生产情况进行调研,走访蔬菜生产企业(农业示范园区)8家、走访农户124户。此次调研对黑龙江省各地区日光温室蔬菜生产的主要栽培模式及相关投入产出情况进行了详细分析。结果表明:黑龙江省日光温室除大庆地区土筑墙体温室较多,其他地区基本上以砖构墙体温室为主要类型;由于加温成本高导致黑龙江省日光温室生产多以不加温条件下生产为主,茬次安排多为一年两茬模式;日光温室主栽蔬菜种类有番茄、黄瓜、甜瓜、菜豆;不同地区日光温室生产效益差异较大,同一地区温室一年三茬生产模式的投入产出比明显高于一年两茬;在年生产成本上,日光温室不加温生产,人工费用占比最高,约占总成本的50%~67%;日光温室加温进行冬季生产时,加温费用占比最高,占总成本的55%~65%。
[Abstract]:In 2016, the vegetable production in 7 counties and districts of Heilongjiang Province was investigated, and 8 vegetable production enterprises (agricultural demonstration park) were visited. 124 households were visited. The main cultivation patterns and related input-output conditions of vegetable production in solar greenhouse in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed in detail. The results showed that:. There are many wall greenhouses in Heilongjiang Province except in Daqing area. Other areas basically take brick wall greenhouse as the main type; Because of the high cost of heating, the production of solar greenhouse in Heilongjiang Province is mainly under the condition of no heating, and the stubble arrangement is mostly in the mode of two crops a year. Greenhouse main vegetable species are tomato, cucumber, melon, bean; The benefit of solar greenhouse is different in different regions, and the input-output ratio of three crops per year in the same area is obviously higher than that in two crops per year. In the annual production cost, solar greenhouse does not increase the temperature of production, labor costs account for the highest proportion, about 50% of the total cost of the area; When the solar greenhouse is heated in winter, the heating cost is the highest, accounting for 55% of the total cost.
【作者单位】：东北农业大学园艺园林学院黑龙江省高寒地区设施蔬菜重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0201004)
【分类号】：F326.13;S626.5
【正文快照】： 随着我国经济结构的调整优化,农业种植结构有了很大的变化。我国的蔬菜产业也发生了巨大的变化,现已成为我国除粮食作物以外的第一大经济作物[1]。日光温室作为蔬菜生产环境调控能力较好的节能型园艺设施,是蔬菜周年安全生产不可缺少的设施类型。据统计,全国日光温室总面积69.

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