新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫绩效研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 22:14

本文关键词：新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫绩效研究　出处：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“十二五”期间,新疆少数民族地区扶贫开发工作取得了卓越成就,贫困发生率从30%降到了15.8%。但新疆仍是我国贫困发生率较高省区之一,当前处于全面建成小康社会的倒计时阶段,解决贫困问题是当前工作的重中之重。因此,新疆少数民族地区需要采取超常规的措施进行精准扶贫,金融扶贫作为扶贫开发事业的重要组成部分,主要通过向贫困人口和扶贫开发项目提供资金支持,促使贫困人口脱贫致富和经济的可持续发展,从而实现精准脱贫目标。本文首先阐述了新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫绩效的研究背景及意义,并对国内外金融扶贫绩效问题的相关研究进行了梳理,确立了研究思路和研究内容。在此基础上对金融扶贫绩效等相关概念和理论进行了介绍,为后续研究提供理论支撑。其次是新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫的现状评析。在对新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫的总体情况分析的基础上,从宏观和微观两个层面对新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫的实践情况进行考察,发现正规金融机构通过不同方式、不同层面积极参与扶贫开发;非正规金融有效的缓解了贫困地区资金短缺问题;但新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫工作仍存在小额信贷额度低等问题。再次是新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫绩效评价。在确定金融扶贫绩效评价的基本内容的基础上,分别采用超效率DEA模型和CSI评价法对新疆少数民族地区的金融扶贫宏观和微观绩效进行测算,由测算结果可知2001-2014年的金融扶贫宏观绩效呈波动增长趋势,且金融扶贫宏观绩效均值表现为有效的,县域金融扶贫宏观绩效水平存在差异;金融扶贫微观分项绩效水平从高到低的顺序为基础设施、经济水平、贫困户脱贫致富、就业创业、特色产业、生态保护;金融扶贫微观综合绩效值为3.15,等级为“良”,无法为新疆少数民族地区的扶贫开发提供强有力的金融支撑。然后是新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫绩效的影响因素分析。通过构建Tobit模型对金融扶贫宏观绩效的影响因素进行分析发现:(1)全样本下,财政支出能够显著的提升金融扶贫宏观绩效,城乡收入差距对金融扶贫宏观绩效的提升有显著负向影响,金融深化和金融中介效率2个因素对金融扶贫宏观绩效的提升作用不显著;(2)分时间段来看,城乡收入差距在不同时间阶段都会阻碍金融扶贫宏观绩效的提升,金融中介效率在不同时间阶段对金融扶贫宏观绩效的作用都不显著,而金融深化、财政支出2个指标在不同时间阶段对金融扶贫宏观绩效的影响不同;(3)分层次来看,在有效组中,金融深化、金融中介效率、财政支出3个因素对金融扶贫宏观绩效有显著的提升作用,而在无效组中3个因素对金融扶贫宏观绩效的提升效果均不显著。而城乡收入差距对于有效组和无效组均为制约因素。通过构建有序多分类Logistic模型对金融扶贫微观绩效的影响因素进行回归分析发现:(1)女性户主、个人金融素养越高、个人信用程度越好、民间金融的发展、金融扶贫项目的宣传越深入、金融产品创新程度越高、正规金融机构的贷款额度越高、期限越长、农业产业化水平高的村庄、民主程度高的村干部以及大学生村官的存在对金融扶贫微观绩效的提升有显著作用;(2)少数民族户主、客户距网点距离越远、正规金融机构的贷款利率越高、贫困瞄准偏误越高的村庄对金融扶贫微观绩效的提升有负向影响;(3)新型金融机构的覆盖情况、农村保险的普及情况、正规金融机构的贷款手续的复杂程度、贫困村、产业扶贫项目的覆盖情况、村干部的受教育程度均对金融扶贫微观绩效提升的影响不显著。最后为结论与政策建议。在对研究结论总结概括的基础上,结合新疆少数民族地区自身特点,提出要精准对接扶贫开发多元化融资需求,充分发挥各类金融机构减贫优势,加快贫困地区金融服务环境建设,加大贫困地区金融创新力度,充分发挥财政撬动金融资源作用,加强新疆信用体系建设,大力提升村干部综合能力,从而实现有效提升新疆少数民族地区金融扶贫绩效。
[Abstract]:"12th Five-Year" during the work of poverty alleviation in minority areas of Xinjiang has made outstanding achievements, the poverty rate fell from 30% to 15.8%. in China, but Xinjiang is still a high incidence of poverty in one of the provinces, the full completion of the countdown stage of a well-off society, to solve the poverty problem is the priority among priorities of the current work. Therefore, Xinjiang minority areas need to take extraordinary measures for accurate poverty, poverty alleviation of poverty alleviation and development as an important part of the cause, mainly by providing financial support to poverty and poverty alleviation projects, promote the sustainable development of poverty alleviation of poverty population and economy, so as to achieve precise targets. This paper first describes the research background and significance of Xinjiang the financial performance of poverty alleviation in minority areas, relevant research on domestic and international financial poverty alleviation performance problems are summarized, and established research Ideas and research content. Based on the related concepts of the financial performance of poverty alleviation and theories were introduced, to provide theoretical support for subsequent research. Secondly is the analysis on the present situation of financial poverty alleviation in Xinjiang minority area. Based on the overall situation of financial poverty alleviation in Xinjiang minority area on investigation practice of financial poverty alleviation in Xinjiang the minority area from two aspects of macroscopic and microcosmic, found the formal financial institutions through different ways, different levels of active participation in poverty alleviation and development; informal finance to effectively alleviate the shortage of funds in poor areas; but the financial poverty alleviation work in ethnic minority area of Xinjiang is still a problem of small credit evaluation of financial poverty alleviation again is low. The performance of Xinjiang minority areas. Based on determining the basic content of the financial poverty alleviation performance evaluation, using super efficiency DEA model and CS Measurement of Xinjiang minority areas of financial poverty alleviation of macro and micro I performance evaluation method, by measuring the results of the 2001-2014 financial poverty alleviation macroeconomic performance fluctuating growth trend, and the average performance of macro financial poverty is the effective, county financial macro performance differences in the level of poverty; poverty alleviation micro financial performance level from high to sub the low order of infrastructure, economic level, poor households out of poverty, employment and entrepreneurship, industry characteristics, ecological protection; financial poverty alleviation micro comprehensive performance value of 3.15 grade, "good", to provide strong financial support for poverty alleviation and development in Xinjiang minority regions. Then is the analysis of the factors affecting the minority areas of Xinjiang finance the poor performance of the Tobit model. Through the construction of financial poverty alleviation effect on the macroeconomic performance of factor analysis showed that: (1) the full sample, the fiscal expenditure can significantly With the improvement of financial poverty alleviation and macroeconomic performance, income gap between urban and rural areas of financial poverty alleviation and the macroeconomic performance has a significant negative impact, the role of financial deepening and financial intermediation efficiency of 2 factors on the macro financial poverty alleviation performance is not significant; (2) the time period, the income gap between urban and rural poverty alleviation will hinder the financial macroeconomic performance in different time stage to enhance the efficiency of financial intermediation, in different period of financial poverty alleviation and macroeconomic performance effects are not significant, and the financial deepening, fiscal expenditure of 2 different indicators in the different periods of impact on the macroeconomic performance of financial poverty; (3) levels, financial deepening in effective group, and the efficiency of financial intermediation fiscal expenditure 3 factors significantly enhance the role of the financial macro performance and effect on poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation and financial macro performance promotion in the ineffective group 3 factors were not significant. But the urban-rural income difference From the effective group and ineffective group as constraints. By constructing the ordinal Logistic regression model analysis showed that the influence factors of financial poverty alleviation micro performance is: (1) female headed, personal financial literacy is higher, the better the degree of personal credit, the development of non-governmental finance, financial poverty alleviation project publicity more in-depth, more the high degree of financial product innovation, formal financial institutions, the loan amount is higher, the longer the period, the level of agricultural industrialization high village, the high degree of democracy of village cadres and college-graduate village official on the financial poverty alleviation micro performance significantly; (2) minority households, more customers away from network distance, normal the financial institutions lending rates higher, the higher the bias of poverty at the village has a negative impact on the financial poverty alleviation micro performance; (3) coverage of new financial institutions, the popularization of rural insurance, The complex degree of formal financial institutions loan formalities poverty village, covering industrial poverty alleviation projects, education level of village cadres are the impact of financial poverty alleviation micro performance improvement is not significant. The last part is the conclusion and policy recommendations. In summary based on the conclusion of the study, combined with the minority areas of Xinjiang's own characteristics, put forward to be precise docking of poverty alleviation and development of diversified financing needs, give full play to all kinds of financial institutions to accelerate poverty reduction, financial service environment construction in poor areas, poor areas to increase financial innovation, giving full play to the role of pry of financial resources, strengthen the construction of credit system in Xinjiang, to improve the comprehensive ability of the village cadres, so as to effectively enhance the minority areas of Xinjiang finance the poor performance.

【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8;F832.4

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