开封市土地利用变化及生态环境质量评价

发布时间：2018-01-19 15:11

本文关键词： RS GIS 土地利用变化驱动力生态环境质量评价开封市　出处：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地利用,是人类为了自身生存和发展,利用土地的自然属性对其进行长时间的经营活动,是人类对自然改造的动态过程,也是人类与土地进行物质和能量交换的过程。近十年间,我国城市化进程加快,大量农业人口涌入城市,城市原有的边界不断被改变。城市的不断扩张不可避免地引发城市土地利用方式和土地利用格局的改变,随之而来的是人地关系的改变和人地矛盾的凸显。城市土地利用方式的改变和土地利用程度的增加会直接改变城市生态系统的面貌,并最终影响城市生态系统平衡和城市生态环境质量。因此,将城市土地利用变化与城市生态环境质量相结合进行研究显得非常有必要,并具有相当强的现实意义。本文在RS和GIS技术手段的支持下,以遥感影像为主要数据源,重点分析了2004年到2013年间,开封市土地利用特点和变化的幅度及速度,并深入研究了开封市土地利用变化的驱动力。最后通过构建开封市生态环境质量评价体系,对开封市生态环境质量进行客观评价,并整合近十年来的数据,对开封市土地利用变化与生态环境之间的关系做了分析。研究结果表明:(1)开封市耕地面积所占比重最大,约占全区土地面积的70%,布局总体呈现出由北向南、由东至西逐渐增加的态势,随着距市、县、乡(镇)驻地距离的增大,耕地比重也随之上升。建设用地比重约为15%,开封市建设用地整体布局为五个郊县半围绕中心城区呈扇面分布,开封新区建设用地增加速度较快。(2)在郑汴一体化进程中,2004至2013年,开封市土地利用变化幅度最大的为建设用地,面积增加了2998.76公顷,土地利用动态度也较高,为0.369%;土地利用变化幅度和动态度最小的为林地,面积增加了146.92公顷,土地利用动态度为0.023%;耕地面积减少了1741.61公顷,土地利用动态度为-0.045%;水域面积减少了1404.06公顷,土地利用动态度为-0.421%。(3)开封市土地利用变化的驱动力因子主要包括自然环境因子、经济发展因子、人口因子、城市化因子和政策因子。社会经济因子中,依照各因子对土地利用变化的影响程度大小,依次为人口因子、经济发展因子和城市化因子。(4)近十年来开封市生态环境质量总体上呈现出上升的趋势,生态环境质量综合指数由2004年的0.297上升至2012年的0.72,生态环境质量等级也由2004年的“一般”提升至2012年的“较高”。开封市生态环境质量与城市建设因素具有很强的关联性,2011年和2012年的评价结果表现的最为明显。(5)近十年来,开封市林地数量的变化对其生态环境质量具有较强的正向作用。
[Abstract]:Land use, which is a dynamic process of human being's transformation of nature, is a long-term management activity of human beings for their own survival and development, and the use of the natural attributes of the land for a long period of time. It is also a process of material and energy exchange between human beings and land. In the past ten years, the process of urbanization in China has been accelerated, and a large number of agricultural people have poured into cities. The original boundary of the city is constantly changing. The constant expansion of the city inevitably leads to the change of the urban land use mode and the pattern of the land use. With the change of human-land relationship and the highlight of human-land contradiction, the change of urban land use mode and the increase of land use degree will directly change the appearance of urban ecosystem. And finally affect the balance of urban ecosystem and the quality of urban ecological environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to combine urban land use change with urban ecological environment quality. With the support of RS and GIS technology, remote sensing image is used as the main data source to analyze the period from 2004 to 2013. The characteristics of land use, the range and speed of land use change in Kaifeng City, and the driving force of land use change in Kaifeng City are studied in depth. Finally, the evaluation system of ecological environment quality in Kaifeng City is constructed. The ecological environment quality of Kaifeng city is evaluated objectively, and the data of recent ten years are integrated. The relationship between land use change and ecological environment in Kaifeng City is analyzed. The results show that the proportion of cultivated land area in Kaifeng City is the largest, accounting for 70% of the total land area in Kaifeng City. The overall layout presents a trend of gradual increase from north to south, from east to west. With the increase of distance from city, county and township (town), the proportion of cultivated land also rises. The proportion of construction land is about 15%. The overall layout of construction land in Kaifeng is five suburban counties with a sector distribution around the central urban area, and the increase rate of construction land in Kaifeng New District is relatively fast, which is from 2004 to 2013 in the process of integration of Zhengzhou and Bianping. The biggest change of land use in Kaifeng was the construction land, the area increased by 2998.76 hectares, and the dynamic attitude of land use was also higher, which was 0.369; The smallest change range and dynamic degree of land use was forest land, the area increased 146.92 hectares, and the land use dynamic degree was 0.023; The cultivated land area decreased by 1741.61 hectares, and the land use dynamic degree was -0.045; The area of water area decreased by 1404.06 hectares, the land use dynamic degree was -0.421. 3) the driving force of land use change in Kaifeng city mainly included natural environment factor and economic development factor. Population factor, urbanization factor and policy factor, social and economic factors, according to the extent of the impact of each factor on land use change, the population factor in turn. Economic development factor and urbanization factor. 4) in recent ten years, the ecological environment quality of Kaifeng city has shown an upward trend. The comprehensive index of ecological environment quality increased from 0. 297 in 2004 to 0. 72 in 2012. The grade of ecological environment quality has also been raised from "general" in 2004 to "higher" in 2012. The ecological environment quality of Kaifeng has a strong correlation with urban construction factors. In recent ten years, the change of woodland quantity in Kaifeng City has a strong positive effect on the ecological environment quality of Kaifeng City.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X826

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