改革开放以来青州市农民收入结构变动情况分析

发布时间：2018-01-24 13:35

本文关键词： 农民收入收入结构收入波动对策建议　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二十世纪七十年代末,我国农村经济体制改革逐步带动了农村生产结构的优化,随之而来的是农民收入成果多样化以及收入的增长。七十年代末到八十年代初,从青州市农村发展可见一斑,农民收入以家庭经营收入为主,年均增长15.6%。然而在1985年之后,由于农村制度变革对农民收入的影响减弱,农民家庭经营性收入增长放缓,导致农民收入增长速度减慢,出现波动;90年代后,随着乡镇企业的兴起,农民进入企业打工机会增多,非农收入增长较快,逐渐成为农民增收的重要推动力。到1997年,青州市农民的工资性收入首次超过家庭经营收入,成为农民收入的主要来源。由于城市第二、三产业的飞速发展,农村剩余劳动力向城市转移不断加快,再加上国家对“三农”的支持力度不断加大,农村转移收入以及财产收入的增长初见眉端并稳步发展,也对农民收入增长做出了必要贡献。近年来,以青州市农民收入结构为例,工资性收入为48.7%,家庭经营收入则占41.2%,其余为转移性收入和财产收入,可以看出,现代农民收入来源已经发生了实质的改变。随着农村经济的发展和国家对农村扶持政策的不断演进,农民收入问题在“三农”问题中的重要性日益凸显,体现在农民收入增长的不均衡导致农民增收来源的改变,而且农民收入问题更加复杂。这不仅会影响农村经济发展和制度改革,而且关系到整个社会的和谐稳定大局。从这一方面可以看出,研究农民收入结构这一课题既是农民收入增长和收入多元化的迫切要求,更重要的是它可以反映出整个社会经济发展的变动规律。另一方面,农民收入水平直接影响农村消费需求的广度和深度,进而会对整个国民经济的发展产生重要的影响。因此研究青州市农民收入结构变动规律有利于进一步揭示农民收入的波动规律,从而减少收入波动,促进农民收入稳定增长和青州市经济的持续发展。因此研究青州市农民收入结构问题具有很强的理论和现实意义。改革开放后国民经济的持续发展带动农村经济发展,农民收入水平获得提高,青州市农民收入水平在增长幅度、增长速度和收入来源等方面也在发生了巨大变化。1978到2011年间,青州市农民收入经历了增长、放缓、反弹、走低、恢复的过程,这既能体现整体经济的发展,又能反映出农民收入增长过程中存在的问题。从时间范围划分,青州市农民收入构成经历了二十世纪七十年代末到八十年代初、八十年代初到九十年代初以及九十年代至今三个发展变化过程;从收入构成角度看,青州市农民收入经历了以家庭经营收入为主到以工资收入为主、转移性收入和财产收入稳定增长的过程。总而言之,自改革开放以来农民收入有了大幅度增长,农民收入各组成部分的贡献率不断提高。根据改革开放以来青州市农民收入变化分析,结合我国各个经济发展阶段农村社会发展状况,可以将青州市农民增收过程中存在的问题归纳为:第一,农民收入增幅小、增速缓;第二,农民收入水平低;第三,城乡收入差距大;第四,务农不富。存在这些问题主要是因为制度变迁的影响、城市化进程的影响和产业结构变迁的影响。为了进一步改善收入结构,提高农民收入,必须制定有针对性的增收长效机制:首先,应该继续促进家庭经营收入增长。随着剩余劳动力向城市转移,农村闲置土地应该通过有序引导流转起来,形成规模化农业生产;在产品结构上,以市场为导向,引导农民调整农牧产品结构;在财政上,优化财政农业支出结构,建立健全的财政监督机制;在教育上,加大农村教育投入力度,提升农民整体素质;在信息上,提高农村信息化程度,促进现代化农业发展。其次,应稳步提高农民工资性收入。在宏观层面,国家应出台相关政策保证经济增长;在中观层面,各地应千方设法转变经济增长方式,拓宽农民增收途径;在微观层面,地方政府应提高农民素质,解决农民就业。再次,进一步提高农民财产收入和转移性收入。在土地确权制度方面加大改革力度,赋予农民“三权”“三证”;在农村金融制度上,为农民和乡镇企业提供及时、有效的金融服务,促进农民财产性收入稳步增长;在农业补贴制度上,应优化和改善补贴政策,加大惠农补贴力度。
[Abstract]:At the end of 1970s, China's rural economic reform gradually led to the optimization of rural production structure, with farmers' income is the result diversification and income growth. At the end of 70s to early 80s, remarkable from rural development in Qingzhou City, the income of the farmers in the family business income, the average annual growth rate of 15.6%. in 1985, due to the rural system reform on the influence of peasants' income decreased, the family business income growth slowed, resulting in the increase of farmers' income rate fluctuations; after 90s, with the rise of township enterprises, farmers into the enterprise work opportunities, non-agricultural income growth, has gradually become an important driving force of farmers' income. In 1997, Qingzhou City, the wage income of farmers more than the family operating income for the first time, become the main source of income for farmers. The second, third industrial city The rapid development of the rural surplus labor transfer to the city continues to accelerate, plus the state support for the "three rural" continues to increase, the transfer of rural income and property income growth at the tip of the brow and steady development, has also made the necessary contribution to the growth of farmers' income. In recent years, the farmers' income structure in Qingzhou city as an example the wage income of 48.7%, household business income accounted for 41.2%, the rest of the transfer income and property income, we can see that the Modern Peasants' income has undergone substantial changes. With the development of the rural economy development and the state of rural policy, the income of the farmers in the importance of "three rural issues" has become increasingly prominent that is reflected in the growth of farmers' income imbalance caused the change of farmers' income sources, and the problem of farmers' income is more complicated. This will not only affect the rural economic development and system reform Leather, but also related to the harmony and stability of the whole society. From this one can see that the research on Farmers' income structure this subject is an urgent requirement to farmers' income growth and income diversification, the more important is that it can reflect the change of the social economic development. On the other hand, the income level of farmers directly affect the breadth and the depth of the rural consumption demand, which will have an important impact on the development of the entire national economy. So the research of Qingzhou farmers' income structure changes is conducive to further reveal the fluctuation of the income of the farmers, so as to reduce the volatility of income, to promote the sustainable development of the steady growth of farmers' income and economy in Qingzhou city. So the study on the problem of peasants' income structure in Qingzhou the city has a strong theoretical and practical significance. After the reform and opening up the sustainable development of the national economy to promote rural economic development, farmer income level Improve the income of farmers in Qingzhou city in the aspects of growth, growth and income sources are changed from.1978 to 2011 years, the income of the farmers in Qingzhou city has experienced growth, slow rebound, low recovery process, which can reflect the overall economic development, but also reflects the existence of farmers' income in the growth process of the problem. From the time division, the farmers' income in Qingzhou which experienced at the end of 1970s to early 80s, early 80s to early 90s and since 90s three the development process; from the perspective of income, the income of the farmers in Qingzhou city has experienced a family business income to wage income, transfer income the steady growth of income and property. In short, since the reform and opening up the peasants' income has greatly increased farmers' income of each part The contribution rate increase. According to the analysis of farmers' income in Qingzhou city since the reform and opening up, with the development of rural society in every developing stage of economy in China, the Qingzhou city farmers problems in the process are as follows: first, farmer income growth, slow growth; second, the low income level of farmers; third, urban and rural income the gap is big; fourth, farmers are not rich. These problems are mainly because of the impact of institutional change, affecting the development of city and the industrial structure changes. In order to further improve the revenue structure, improve the income of the farmers, must formulate the long-term mechanism of income: first of all, should continue to promote family business income growth with the surplus. Labor force transfer to the city of idle land in rural areas should be guided through the orderly transfer, the formation of large-scale agricultural production; in the product structure, market oriented, guide Farmers to adjust agricultural product structure; in finance, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure for agriculture, the establishment of a sound financial supervision mechanism; in education, enlarge the rural education investment, improve the overall quality of farmers; in information, improve the rural informatization level, promote the modernization of agricultural industry development. Secondly, we should steadily increase farmer income. At the macro level, the state should introduce relevant policies to ensure economic growth; at the meso level, the country should be to try to change the mode of economic growth, broaden the way to increase the income of farmers; at the micro level, the local government should improve the quality of farmers and farmers to solve the employment. Thirdly, to further improve the farmers' property income and transfer income in the land reform. The right system, giving farmers the "three rights" "three certificates"; in the rural financial system, to provide farmers and township enterprises timely and effective financial services, promoting farmers The property income is steadily increasing; in the agricultural subsidy system, the subsidy policy should be optimized and improved, and the subsidies for the farmers should be increased.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8

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