内蒙古翁牛特旗草原禁牧和生态补偿对农户收入的影响

发布时间：2018-02-08 08:23

本文关键词： 草原禁牧生态补偿农户收入 C-D生产函数　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：实施草原生态保护补助奖励机制项目是我国政府保护草原、增加农牧民收益的重大战略举措,禁牧与对牧户进行补偿是该项目的主要内容。本研究以内蒙古自治区翁牛特旗作为研究对象,于2013和2014年连续两年,每年对260户农牧户进行了定点调查。走访了有关部门,获取了大量相关信息。研究与分析了该区域草原禁牧对农户收入的影响,并提出了相关建议。主要结果如下：1.草原禁牧获得了75%受访农户的支持与肯定,但仅有12%的农户的收益获得增加。另有25%的受访农户对该政策持消极态度,究其原因可分为收入下降,缺少技术和习惯放牧等分别占受访农户的10%,3%、12%。2.草原禁牧促进了调查区畜牧业生产的发展与提高,主要原因是绵羊由全放牧改为放牧与舍饲相结合,家畜营养条件得到改善,繁殖率明显提高。另外,羊肉价格不断上升也是促进生产发展的原因之一。与全放牧相比全年禁牧区和季节休牧区绵羊饲养成本分别增加215%和163%,主要是购买饲草。疾病导致绵羊的死亡率增加了40%。3.调查区农户生产结构均为养殖业与种植业兼顾,但主要种植小麦(Triticum aestivum)、荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)、莜麦(Avena nuda)等粮食作物,基本未种植牧草,种植业结构不能很好的和畜牧业耦合。草原禁牧对种植业没有显著影响。但与实施政策前相比,全年禁牧区和季节休牧区种植业成本分别提高了20.7%和22.4%,主要是机械费用的提高。4.全年禁牧区和季节休牧区调查农户外出劳动力数量分别增加了185.7%和237.5%。由此增加了农牧民的收入渠道,两个区域调查农户打工收入占家庭总收入的比重与禁牧前相比分别提高了23.1%和15.3%。5.生态补偿对农户收入影响甚小,仅有27%的农户认为对增加收入很有帮助,49%的农户认为帮助很小,其余24%的农户认为对收入提高基本无影响。6.畜牧业C-D生产函数结果表明,调查区农户畜牧业生产一直处在规模报酬递增阶段。家畜资本是最大的要素；棚圈费对收入没有显著作用；与禁牧前相比饲草料成本和家畜防疫费对收入的影响均显著增大,而劳动力对收入的影响减少。种植业C-D生产函数结果表明,调查区种植业生产一直处于规模报酬递增阶段。耕地面积是贡献最大的要素；与禁牧前相比劳动力和机械投入对收入的影响均下降,而种子对收入的影响增加；化肥的作用因土地条件而异,在全年禁牧区对收入无显著作用,在季节性休牧区对收入有所帮助；农药对收入没有显著作用。7.主要建议：国家进一步加大对农户的生态补偿力度；实施草地农业,调整种植业结构,大力发展牧草生产；加强农牧户的技术技能培训和先进技术推广。
[Abstract]:The implementation of the grassland ecological protection subsidy mechanism project is a major strategic move of the Chinese government to protect the grassland and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen. Ban on grazing and compensation to pastoral households are the main contents of this project. This study took Weng Niute Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region as the research object. In 2013 and 2014 for two consecutive years, 260 farmers and pastoralists were investigated on the spot every year, and the relevant departments were visited. This paper studies and analyzes the impact of grassland grazing ban on farmers' income and puts forward some relevant suggestions. The main results are as follows: 1.The grassland grazing ban has been supported and affirmed by 75% rural households surveyed. However, only 12% of the farmers received an increase in income. Another 25% of the respondents held a negative attitude towards the policy, which can be attributed to a decline in income. The lack of techniques and habits of grazing accounted for 10% of the farmers surveyed, respectively. The grassland grazing ban promoted the development and improvement of animal husbandry production in the investigation area. The main reason was that the sheep had changed from full grazing to grazing and house feeding, and the nutritional conditions of livestock had been improved. The reproduction rate has increased significantly. In addition, The rising price of mutton is also one of the reasons for the development of production. Compared with the whole year grazing, the cost of sheep raising in grazing areas and seasonal grazing areas increased by 215% and 163 respectively, mainly because of the purchase of forage grass. Disease resulted in sheep mortality. The production structure of the farmers in the investigation area is that both the breeding and planting industries should be taken into account. But the main crops, such as Triticum aestivum, Fagopyrum esculentumum, Avena nuda) and so on, basically did not grow forage, and the structure of planting could not be well coupled with animal husbandry. The cost of planting was increased by 20.7% and 22.4in the closed pastoral area and the seasonal off-pastoral area respectively, mainly because of the increase of the mechanical cost. The number of farm workers in the forbidding pastoral area and the seasonal off-pastoral area increased by 185.7% and 237.5respectively in the whole year. As a result, the number of farm workers in the forbidding pastoral area and the seasonal off-pastoral area increased. Income channels for farmers and herdsmen, In the two regions, the proportion of household income from migrant workers to total household income increased by 23.1% and 15.30.5.The ecological compensation had little effect on the household income, and only 27% of the farmers thought it was helpful to increase the income, and 49 percent of the farmers thought it was of little help. The results of C-D production function of animal husbandry show that the livestock production of farmers in the investigation area has been in the stage of increasing returns of scale, and livestock capital is the biggest factor. The effects of forage cost and livestock epidemic prevention cost on income were significantly increased, while labor force had less effect on income. The results of C-D production function of planting industry showed that, The cultivated land area is the most important factor, the influence of labor force and mechanical input on income is decreased, but the effect of seed on income is increased. The effect of chemical fertilizer varies with the land condition. The effect of fertilizer on income is not significant in the forbidding pastoral area of the whole year, but it is helpful to the income in the seasonal grazing area. The main suggestions are as follows: the state should further increase the ecological compensation to farmers, implement grassland agriculture, adjust the structure of planting, and vigorously develop forage production; Strengthen agricultural and pastoral technical skills training and advanced technology promotion.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8

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