棉花产业支持政策与山东棉花产业发展研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 10:04

本文关键词： 山东棉花产业支持政策　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为重要的农业经济作物,棉花直接影响着我国的农民利益、国民经济和社会稳定。在中国,大约有23个省、市、自治区参与棉花的种植、加工和纺织,棉花作为我国农产品产业链最长的大田经济作物,它不仅是我国3亿多棉农的重要收入来源,还直接影响到1800万纺织以及相关行业从业人员的就业问题、亿万消费者的消费福利问题,同时也影响着棉纺织服装工业的发展、国民经济的稳定。最近几十年,随着科技水平的不断上升,我国的棉花产业的发展速度越来越快。总体来说,我国现阶段基本确立了棉花市场经济体制,在这种体制下,我国的棉花生产产量得到保障,农民、棉企的利益得以提高,近几年,我国棉花产业发展势头迅猛,在世界棉花市场上的地位也开始逐步提升。近几年,政府为了保护粮食安全,陆续颁布了各种形式的粮食支持政策,为粮食生产与流通保驾护航,包括良种补贴、粮食直补、农机补贴、农资综合补贴及种粮大县补贴等补贴政策,以及粮食最低收购价政策、粮食临时存储收购政策,粮食生产年年增长。但是,棉花生产与流通就没有粮食那么幸运了。可以说,现阶段我国还没有一项棉花产业支持政策,能够完全确保棉农的收益以及棉企的利益。一方面,现行棉花产业支持政策的力度及范围有所欠缺,不能很好的、及时的消除市场风险能力,另一方面,加之缺少的有利政策支持,农民的根本利益不仅不能得到有效保障,甚至受到损害,因此,直接结果就是植棉面积的严重下滑,进而制约了我国的棉花产业的发展。山东处于暖温带,有丰富的光照、热量,同时有适中的降水量。同时,山东的大部分地区属于平原,比如山东西部,是黄河冲积平原,无论土壤条件、气候以及水资源条件,都适合种植棉花。因此,山东仅次于新疆,产量在全国稳居第二位。但是,近几年,山东棉花产业状况很不稳定,棉花种植面积、棉花产量以及棉企效益的各个环节出现大幅波动,严重影响了棉花产业链各个环节的利益以及国家利益。据历史记录,山东植棉面积大幅波动,最高波动比甚至达到58.7%,棉花种植面积的大幅增减不仅影响了棉农、棉花加工厂、棉企等的利益,同时也间接的影响了全国棉花产业的稳定发展。本文详细介绍了山东棉花产业现状,深入解读了国家和山东已出台的大量有关棉花产业支持政策,比如棉花良种政策、棉花补贴政策以及棉花最低收购价政策的实施范围及力度,并进一步分析了一系列政策的实施对山东棉花生产发展的影响。另外,比较分析了我国现行的粮棉支持政策两者之间的各种差异。最后,根据文章的分析结果有针对性的提出一些政策措施完善建议,以及提出了山东棉花产业链的各个环节应对国家不同支持政策的可行做法,期望对山东棉花生产的健康、稳定发展有所帮助。
[Abstract]:As an important agricultural cash crop, cotton has a direct impact on the interests of farmers, national economy and social stability in China. In China, about 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions participate in the cultivation, processing and textile of cotton. Cotton, as the longest field cash crop in China's agricultural product industry chain, is not only an important source of income for more than 300 million cotton farmers in China, but also has a direct impact on the employment of 18 million textile and related workers. The issue of consumer welfare for hundreds of millions of consumers also affects the development of the cotton textile and clothing industry and the stability of the national economy. In recent decades, with the rising level of science and technology, The cotton industry in China is developing more and more rapidly. In general, China has basically established a cotton market economy system at the present stage. Under this system, the cotton production output in our country has been guaranteed, and the interests of farmers and cotton enterprises have been improved. In recent years, China's cotton industry has developed rapidly, and its position in the world cotton market has begun to rise. In recent years, in order to protect food security, the government has successively promulgated various forms of grain support policies. To provide escort for grain production and circulation, including subsidies for improved varieties, direct subsidies for grain, subsidies for agricultural machinery, comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials and subsidies for large grain growing counties, as well as the minimum purchase price policy for grain, and the policy of temporary storage and purchase of grain, Grain production is increasing year by year. However, cotton production and circulation are not as lucky as grain. It can be said that at this stage, China does not have a policy to support the cotton industry, which can completely ensure the income of cotton farmers and the interests of cotton enterprises. On the one hand, The strength and scope of the current cotton industry support policy are lacking, and the ability to eliminate market risks in a timely manner is not good. On the other hand, coupled with the lack of favorable policy support, the fundamental interests of farmers are not only not effectively protected, Even damaged, therefore, the direct result is a serious decline in cotton planting area, which in turn restricts the development of China's cotton industry. Shandong is in a warm temperate zone, rich in light, heat, and moderate precipitation. At the same time, Most of Shandong belongs to the plain, such as the western part of Shandong Province, which is the Yellow River alluvial plain. It is suitable for cotton planting in terms of soil conditions, climate and water resources. Therefore, Shandong is second only to Xinjiang. The output ranks second steadily in the country. However, in recent years, the cotton industry in Shandong Province has been very unstable. The cotton planting area, cotton output and various links in the efficiency of cotton enterprises have fluctuated substantially. It has seriously affected the interests of all links in the cotton industry chain and the national interests. According to historical records, the cotton planting area in Shandong has fluctuated substantially, the highest fluctuation ratio has even reached 58.7. The substantial increase and decrease in cotton planting area has not only affected cotton farmers and cotton processing plants, The benefits of cotton enterprises have also indirectly affected the steady development of cotton industry in China. This paper introduces in detail the current situation of cotton industry in Shandong Province, and deeply interprets a large number of relevant cotton industry support policies that have been issued by the state and Shandong. For example, the policy of cotton seed improvement, the policy of cotton subsidy and the policy of minimum purchase price of cotton, the scope and intensity of the implementation, and further analysis of the impact of the implementation of a series of policies on the production and development of cotton in Shandong Province. This paper compares and analyzes the differences between the current grain and cotton supporting policies in China. Finally, according to the analysis results of the article, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the policies and measures. The paper also puts forward some feasible measures for the cotton industry chain in Shandong to deal with different national support policies, which is expected to be helpful to the healthy and stable development of cotton production in Shandong province.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.12

【参考文献】