内蒙古大兴安岭典型矿区矿产资源开发对土地资源的影响

发布时间：2018-02-13 21:04

本文关键词： 矿产资源开发土地利用景观格局大兴安岭　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文选择内蒙古大兴安岭地区已开发的白音诺尔铅锌矿、五九煤矿和黄岗梁铁矿为典型研究区域,运用ArcGIS和fragstats软件,提取各矿区土地利用数据和景观格局数据,以此分析矿产资源开发对土地资源的影响,主要结论如下：(1)矿产资源开发主要破坏的土地利用类型是草地,草地面积有所减小,但依旧是研究区第一大地类；有林地面积有所增加,但依旧是研究区第二大地类：工矿仓储用地面积增加,跃升为研究区前四大地类之一。(2)矿产资源开发造成草地和河流水面面积减少,其他土地利用类型面积均增加。露天开采方式下,工矿仓储用地中采矿压占土地面积总变化率和年变化率大于采矿挖损土地和采矿占用土地。井工开采方式下,采矿压占土地和采矿占用总变化率和年变化率均大于采矿挖损土地。(3)研究区草地转移为其他土地利用类型面积最多。有林地新增面积主要来自草地,减少面积主要转移为草地。工矿仓储用地新增面积主要来自草地和有林地,减少面积主要转移为草地。裸地新增面积主要来自草地。(4)斑块数量、斑块密度指数、丰富度指数、景观形状指数、香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数的增加,最大斑块指数的减小,反映了研究区土地利用类型变得越来越丰富、景观异质性增强、景观破碎化程度也在加强。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the Baiyinnuoer Pb-Zn Mine, Wujiu Coal Mine and Huanggangliang Iron Mine, which have been developed in Daxinganling area of Inner Mongolia, are selected as typical research areas. The land use data and landscape pattern data of each mining area are extracted by using ArcGIS and fragstats software. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) grassland is the main land use type destroyed by mineral resources development, and grassland area is reduced, but it is still the first geodetic type in the study area. The area of woodland has increased, but it is still the second geodetic category in the study area: the area of industrial and mining storage land has increased, which has risen to one of the first four types of land in the study area.) the exploitation of mineral resources has resulted in the decrease of grassland and river surface area. Under the open-pit mining mode, the total change rate and annual change rate of the mining pressure in the storage land is greater than that of the mining damaged land and the mining occupied land. The total change rate and annual change rate of mining pressure and mining occupation are both larger than that of mining excavated land. 3) grassland transfer to other land use types is the most in the study area, and the increased area of woodland is mainly from grassland. The reduced area is mainly transferred to grassland. The new area of industrial and mining storage land is mainly from grassland and woodland, while the reduced area is mainly transferred to grassland. The newly increased area of bare land mainly comes from grassland. 4) the number of patches, patch density index, richness index, and so on. The increase of landscape shape index, Shannon diversity index, Shannon evenness index and the decrease of maximum patch index reflect that the land use types in the study area become more and more abundant, the landscape heterogeneity is enhanced, and the degree of landscape fragmentation is also strengthened.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD80;F301

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