基于食品安全和能源效率视角的家禽供应链研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 16:21

本文关键词： 食品安全能源效率家禽生产 SCM　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,重大食品安全事件频发,食品安全相关问题随之成为广泛研究的热点领域。当前家禽产业面临的最大挑战,是消费者对家禽从养殖场到餐桌的生产和分销过程中食品安全的信心。在中国,实现食品供应链溯源,是应对猖獗的食品安全威胁的有效手段。为了及时检测和防止肉眼不可见的潜在病菌进入供应链,需要所有参与者的共同努力,在各个环节中同时实施全面的控制方法。对于政策制定者、政府当局以及行业管理者而言,监管肉禽供应链参与者之间的关系和活动至关重要。因此,使用科学方法分析供应链中不同角色参与者之间疾病传播规律,是具有重要现实意义的研究问题。为了在保障食品安全的前提下,有效控制食品价格,本研究探讨基于供应链理论降低肉禽生产成本的方法,具体研究内容如下：第一,由于家禽供应链同时具有功能性产品和创新性产品的特点,本研究的目标之一是将混合供应链策略应用于具有需求不确定和硬性生产环境的家禽供应链管理中,该策略被称为Leagile,是敏捷(agile)和精益(lean)策略的组合Leagile式供应链管理的最大难题是寻找信息分离点(IDP)。目前,禽类加工商是家禽供应链的信息分离点,该角色将家禽零售商和家禽生产商连系在一起。如果将信息分离点转变为家禽生产商,便可以实现家禽生产商的需求预测和生产优化。第二,收集和分析H7N9禽流感在中国的感染和统计数据,数据来源包括中国中心疾病控制与预防(CDC)、中国国家卫生与计划委员会(NHFPC)、世界卫生组织(WHO)、跨境动物疾病应急中心(ECTAD)、食品和农业组织(FAO)等权威机构。分析分销网络对包括H7N9在内的病菌传播的影响作用,探索干预方案以实现改善中国家禽产业结构的目标。活禽市场(LBM)一方面是中国禽肉供应链的重要环节,另一方面也是将病菌由鸟类传播至人类的媒介。因此,有必要监管和规范活禽市场中家禽批发商和零售商的交易行为。第三,通过降低能源费用是实现家禽肉类价格控制的有效手段,特别在巴基斯坦等电力严重短缺的国家。巴基斯坦日最长停电时间长达18小时,家禽生产商被迫使用柴油发电机组发电,以应对电力短缺。国际市场的价格波动进一步增加了家禽养殖成本中燃料成本风险。所以,我们提出一种光伏柴油混合式发电系统,替代电池作为备用电源,以减少用电费用,提供持续的电力供应。之后,对混合式发电系统进行成本效益分析(cBA),计算回收期、净现值(NPV)和内部收益率(IRR)等指标。分析结果表明,混合式发电系统能够降低家禽养殖中燃料价格风险,提升家禽产业在国际市场的竞争力。虽然,光伏柴油的混合式解决方案基于巴基斯坦的家禽业数据进行讨论,但是,研究结论同样适用于其它太阳能资源丰富的国家。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of major food safety incidents, issues related to food safety have become a hot area of extensive research. At present, the poultry industry is facing the greatest challenge. It is consumers' confidence in food safety in the production and distribution of poultry from farms to dining tables. In China, the food supply chain can be traced back to the source. Is an effective way to deal with rampant food security threats. In order to detect and prevent potential bacteria that are invisible to the naked eye from entering the supply chain in a timely manner, the joint efforts of all participants are required. Implementing comprehensive control methods at the same time in all sectors. For policy makers, government authorities and industry regulators, it is essential to regulate relationships and activities among meat and poultry supply chain participants. It is of great practical significance to analyze the law of disease transmission among different players in the supply chain by using scientific methods. In order to effectively control food prices under the premise of ensuring food safety, This study discusses the methods of reducing the production cost of meat and poultry based on the supply chain theory. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the poultry supply chain has the characteristics of both functional and innovative products. One of the objectives of this study is to apply the hybrid supply chain strategy to poultry supply chain management with uncertain demand and a rigid production environment. The strategy, known as Leagile, is a combination of Agile and Lean lean. The biggest challenge for Leagile supply chain management is to find an information separation point. Currently, poultry processors are the information separation points in the poultry supply chain. This role links poultry retailers with poultry producers. If information separation points are converted into poultry producers, demand forecasting and production optimization for poultry producers can be achieved. Collect and analyze the infection and statistics of H7N9 avian influenza in China, Data sources include the China Central Disease Control and Prevention (CDCU), the National Health and Planning Commission of China (NHFPC), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Cross-border Animal Disease Emergency response Center (ECTADX), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The effects of the transmission of bacteria, including H7N9, Exploring intervention programs to achieve the goal of improving the structure of China's poultry industry. The live poultry market LBMis an important link in China's poultry supply chain on the one hand and a vector for the transmission of germs from birds to humans on the other. There is a need to regulate and regulate the conduct of poultry wholesalers and retailers in the live poultry market. Third, reducing energy costs is an effective means of achieving price control for poultry meat. Especially in countries with severe power shortages such as Pakistan, where power cuts last as long as 18 hours a day, poultry producers are forced to use diesel generators to generate electricity. In response to electricity shortages, price fluctuations in the international market have further increased the risk of fuel costs in the cost of poultry farming. Therefore, we propose a photovoltaic diesel hybrid generation system to replace batteries as a backup power source to reduce the cost of electricity. After providing a continuous supply of electricity, a cost-benefit analysis of the hybrid generation system was carried out to calculate the recovery period, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). Hybrid power generation systems can reduce the risk of fuel prices in poultry farming and increase the competitiveness of the poultry industry in the international market. Although hybrid solutions for photovoltaic diesel fuel are discussed on the basis of data from Pakistan's poultry industry, The findings also apply to other countries rich in solar energy resources.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F335.3

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