中国探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点问题的战略思考

发布时间：2018-02-27 13:27

本文关键词： 耕地资源轮作休耕技术模式体制机制试点工作　出处：《生态环境学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：耕地是粮食生产的根本和载体。近年来,在中国粮食连年增产的同时,耕地资源环境面临着多重挑战,高强度利用和长期高负荷运转使耕地得不到休养生息,耕地地力严重透支,耕地质量退化、耕地污染尤为突出,严重制约了中国农业可持续发展。科学推进耕地轮作休耕制度,提升耕地综合生产能力,是探索藏粮于地、藏粮于技的具体实现途径,对推动中国农业绿色发展和保障国家粮食安全具有重要战略意义。文章在剖析国内外耕地轮作休耕实践与发展的基础上,战略性地提出了探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点问题的研究重点和目标,包括调研中国重点关注区域适于轮作休耕的耕地资源现状与区划,探讨重点关注区域耕地实施轮作休耕的技术路径、建立重点区域耕地轮作休耕制度试点体制机制等。为实现"十三五"国家农业转型发展,保障粮食生产能力和国家粮食安全提供重要咨询建议。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the fundamental and carrier of grain production. In recent years, while increasing grain production year after year in China, cultivated land resources and environment are faced with many challenges. High intensity utilization and long-term and high-load operation have prevented cultivated land from recuperating. The overdraft of cultivated land, the degradation of cultivated land quality and the serious pollution of cultivated land have seriously restricted the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Scientific promotion of cultivated land rotation and fallow farming system to enhance the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land is to explore the storage of grain in the land. The concrete way to realize the technology of storing grain is of great strategic significance for promoting the green development of Chinese agriculture and ensuring the national food security. This paper analyzes the practice and development of cultivated land rotation and fallow cultivation at home and abroad. This paper strategically puts forward the research emphases and objectives of the pilot system of cultivated land rotation and fallow tillage, including the investigation of the current situation and regionalization of cultivated land resources suitable for rotation tillage in China. In order to realize the transformation and development of agriculture in the 13th Five-Year Plan, this paper probes into the technical path of regional cultivated land rotation and fallow cultivation, and establishes the experimental system and mechanism of regional cropland rotation and fallow tillage system. Provide important advice on ensuring grain production capacity and national food security.
【作者单位】：中国科学院南京土壤研究所;江西农业大学生态科学研究中心;
【分类号】：S344;F323.211

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