涪陵区农村精准扶贫现状与对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 10:05

本文选题：涪陵区　切入点：农村　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农村扶贫开发是一项世界性的任务。我国的农村扶贫工作经过三十多年的努力,不仅解决了几亿贫困人口的温饱问题,也极大地提高了贫困农村地区的发展水平和贫困群众的生活水平。但因我国人口基数大、贫困人口多、东西部与城乡经济发展不平衡、贫困人口和地区的贫困原因与特点不一。所以,原来“大水满贯”式的传统扶贫模式,已经不能较好的把握贫困地区和贫困人口的致贫原因、实际需要,造成了扶贫开发不能实现“真扶贫、扶真贫”的问题。因此,国家出台了《关于创新机制扎实推进农村扶贫开发工作的意见》(中办发[2013]35号)明确提出了农村扶贫实现精准扶贫的要求。在精准扶贫提出以来,各地按“扶贫到村到户”和“扶真贫、真扶贫”的要求,积极推行了农村精准扶贫开发；虽然探索和实践出了一些有效的经验,但也发现了一些问题。涪陵区作为重庆市市级贫困区县和三峡库区腹地,且具有‘大城市带大农村”特点的区县,近2年来,按国家和重庆市的相关要求积极推进了农村精准扶贫工作,并提出了在重庆市内率先实现脱贫摘帽。本文就以涪陵区为例,在总结涪陵区近年来的农村扶贫开发工作做法、经验和教训的基础上；特别是在准确把握涪陵区农村地区的贫困现状的基础上,认真总结和分析涪陵区农村精准扶贫开发中农村贫困地区和人口的贫困特点与原因、精准扶贫的模式与经验、精准扶贫开发存在的问题。同时,准确把握涪陵区精准扶贫现状与存在的问题,并结合涪陵区经济社会发展提出了健全扶贫对象进入与退出动态管理机制、构建政府主导的社会化扶贫主体体系、充分发挥地方企业优势走产业扶贫道路、以教育培训提高扶贫对象的自主脱贫与发展能力、以农村基础设施建设改善贫困村与贫困户发展环境、发挥农村社保等制度的兜底作用、健全扶贫考核机制等相应的对策和建议。特别是在产业扶贫方面,立足扶贫对象和涪陵区自身的产业发展优势提出了分类别推行产业扶贫的建议,即“利用涪陵区新大兴等大型企业和超市,以“农超对接”精准帮扶近郊贫困户；立足涪陵区烟草、榨菜产业优势,以烤烟、榨菜种植精准帮扶边远地区贫困户；利用‘增福土鸡’等地方特产,以养殖土鸡精准帮扶缺少劳力贫困户；发挥‘大仙女山旅游区’辐射和带动乡村旅游,精准帮扶武陵山等山区贫困户”,从而对产业扶贫与地方产业发展紧密结合,使产业扶贫更具有后续发展能力作了有益的思考。希望,本文将对涪陵区农村精准扶贫工作起到一定的推动作用,同时为西部其他地区的农村精准扶贫工作提供参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Poverty alleviation and development in rural areas is a worldwide task. After more than 30 years of efforts, China's rural poverty alleviation work has not only solved the problem of food and clothing for hundreds of millions of poor people. It has also greatly improved the level of development in poor rural areas and the living standards of the poor. However, due to the large population base and the large number of poor people in China, the development of the eastern, western and urban economies is not balanced with that of the urban and rural areas. The causes and characteristics of poverty among the poor population and regions are different. Therefore, the original "great flood slam" pattern of traditional poverty alleviation has not been able to better grasp the causes of poverty in poor areas and poor people, and the actual needs. This has caused the problem that poverty alleviation and development cannot be realized. The State issued the "opinions on innovative mechanisms to promote the work of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Rural areas" (Zhongfa [2013] 35) clearly set forth the requirements for achieving precision poverty alleviation in rural areas. In accordance with the requirements of "helping the poor to the village to the household" and "helping the real poor, really helping the poor," various localities have actively promoted the development of accurate poverty alleviation in rural areas; although some effective experiences have been explored and practiced, However, some problems have also been found. Fuling District, as a poor county at the municipal level in Chongqing and the hinterland of the three Gorges Reservoir area, has the characteristics of "big cities with large rural areas". In the past two years, According to the relevant requirements of the state and Chongqing Municipality, it has actively promoted the rural precision poverty alleviation work, and has proposed to take the lead in realizing poverty eradication and hat removal in Chongqing. This paper, taking Fuling District as an example, summarizes the methods of rural poverty alleviation and development in Fuling District in recent years. On the basis of experience and lessons, especially on the basis of accurately grasping the present situation of poverty in rural areas of Fuling District, we should conscientiously sum up and analyze the characteristics and causes of poverty in rural poor areas and population in the accurate development of poverty alleviation in rural areas of Fuling District. The model and experience of precision poverty alleviation, the problems existing in precision poverty alleviation and development. At the same time, accurately grasp the current situation and existing problems of precision poverty alleviation in Fuling District. In combination with the economic and social development of Fuling District, the paper puts forward to improve the dynamic management mechanism of the object of poverty alleviation, to construct the main body system of socialized poverty alleviation led by the government, to give full play to the advantages of local enterprises and to take the road of industrial poverty alleviation. To improve the ability of poverty alleviation and development of poverty alleviation objects by education and training, to improve the development environment of poor villages and poor households by the construction of rural infrastructure, and to give play to the role of rural social security and other systems. Improving the evaluation mechanism of poverty alleviation and other corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Especially in the aspect of industrial poverty alleviation, based on the poverty alleviation object and the industrial development advantage of Fuling District, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to carry out industrial poverty alleviation by category. That is, "make use of large enterprises and supermarkets, such as Xindaxing, Fuling District, to help the poor families in the suburbs with the precision of" Peasant Chao docking ", base on the advantages of tobacco and pickle industry in Fuling District, and help the poor households in the remote areas with the help of flue-cured tobacco and pickled vegetables. By using local specialty products such as' increasing the welfare of local chickens'to help poor families who lack labor with precision in raising local chickens, giving full play to the radiation of the 'tourism area of Da Sian Nu Mountain' and promoting rural tourism, Helping poor families in mountain areas such as Wuling Mountain with precision, "thus closely integrating industrial poverty alleviation with local industrial development, and making industrial poverty alleviation more capable of subsequent development." This paper will play a certain role in promoting the rural precision poverty alleviation in Fuling district, and provide reference for other areas in western China.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8

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