农业节水技术区域效益评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 13:34

本文选题：区域尺度　切入点：节水效益　出处：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业节水技术推动着农业现代化的进程,高新节水技术的应用,对干旱半干旱地区农业、农村、农民的发展具有长效机制,因而开展区域尺度下的农业节水技术效益研究对当前及未来节水技术建设具有重要意义。在新疆“十二五”科技支撑项目“典型流域农业综合节水技术系统集成与示范”的支持下,本研究从以下三个方面进行农业节水技术区域效益评价方法研究。第一,明确尺度效应下“区域节水”及“区域节水效益”的内涵与理论基础。“区域节水”既有水资源节约量的指标,又有水资源有效利用的标准,因而区域节水的内涵取决于用水的高效率。从节水“量”的指标分析,受尺度效应中非线性特征的影响,田间实际节水量的加总不等同于区域尺度的节水量;从节水“质”的标准分析,受区域尺度下回归水重复利用的影响,区域整体的灌溉用水效率不同于局部的用水效率。同时,区域尺度下的“区域节水效益”应突出社会福利效益。第二,识别区域效益并构建评价方法体系。根据节水技术应用过程中的示范效应,系统分析农业节水技术区域尺度下的规模效益与溢出效益的形成机理,并从区域水资源利用程度、承载力、流动性、脆弱性来分析规模效益,从经济、社会、生态角度分析溢出效益,以此建立区域效益指标体系,并研究与选择各类指标的评价方法,形成以技术效率为基础的静态区域效益评价方法和以影响因素变动为基础的动态区域效益评价方法。第三,评价方法在新疆军塘湖流域农业节水灌溉中的应用。从静态层面和动态层面评价农业节水技术的区域效益。静态层面以当前节水技术发展现状为基础,分析区域效益的总量指标与效率指标,得到节水技术下的节水潜力为403.9m3/hm2,节水技术的技术效率达到0.92;动态层面以影响因素变动为基础,分析节灌面积、劳动力、成本等主要因素对区域效益的影响程度,得出节水灌溉技术对区域用水总量与区域生产总值的影响较大,当前节水灌溉技术仍处于规模报酬递增阶段,大规模的节水灌溉可有效降低区域用水总量,预计2020年的区域用水总量将保持在36580700m3。且随着节水灌溉面积的增加,最终区域用水总量保持在33666000m3,比当前节约约4333600m3。
[Abstract]:Agricultural water-saving technology promotes the process of agricultural modernization. The application of high-tech water-saving technology has a long-term mechanism for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the benefits of agricultural water-saving technology in the regional scale for the current and future water-saving technology construction. Integration of Agricultural Comprehensive Water-saving Technology system in the 12th Five-Year Plan of Xinjiang "typical Watershed Agriculture Comprehensive Water-saving Technology system" With the support of the demonstration, In this study, the regional benefit evaluation method of agricultural water-saving technology is studied from the following three aspects. First, The connotation and theoretical basis of "regional water-saving" and "regional water-saving benefit" under the definite scale effect. "Regional water saving" has not only the index of water resources saving, but also the standard of water resources effective utilization. Therefore, the connotation of regional water saving depends on the high efficiency of water use. Based on the analysis of the index of water saving "quantity", the addition of actual water saving amount in field is not equal to the water saving amount on regional scale under the influence of nonlinear characteristics in scale effect. According to the standard analysis of water-saving "quality", affected by regress water reuse at regional scale, the irrigation water efficiency of the whole region is different from that of local water use efficiency. The "regional water-saving benefit" at the regional scale should emphasize the social welfare benefit. Secondly, the regional benefit should be identified and the evaluation method system should be constructed. According to the demonstration effect in the application of water-saving technology, The forming mechanism of scale benefit and spillover benefit in regional scale of agricultural water-saving technology is systematically analyzed, and the scale benefit is analyzed from the degree of regional water resources utilization, carrying capacity, mobility and vulnerability, and from the perspective of economy and society. Based on the ecological analysis of spillover benefit, the index system of regional benefit is established, and the evaluation methods of all kinds of indexes are studied and selected. Form a static regional benefit evaluation method based on technical efficiency and a dynamic regional benefit evaluation method based on the change of influence factors. Third, The evaluation method is applied to agricultural water-saving irrigation in Juntang Lake basin, Xinjiang. The regional benefit of agricultural water-saving technology is evaluated from the static and dynamic aspects. The static level is based on the present situation of water-saving technology development. By analyzing the total and efficiency indexes of regional benefit, the water saving potential of water-saving technology is 403.9 m3 / hm ~ 2, and the technical efficiency of water-saving technology is 0.92.The dynamic level is based on the change of influencing factors, and the saving irrigation area and labor force are analyzed. The influence of cost and other main factors on the regional benefit is obtained. It is concluded that the water-saving irrigation technology has a great influence on the total amount of regional water use and the regional GDP, and the current water-saving irrigation technology is still in the stage of increasing returns on a large scale. Large-scale water-saving irrigation can effectively reduce the total amount of regional water use, which is expected to remain at 36580700m3in 2020. With the increase of water-saving irrigation area, the final regional water use volume will remain at 3366000m3, which is about 4333600m3than the current one.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.213

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