中国农耕土地开发利用历程及其启示

发布时间：2018-03-06 18:01

本文选题：农耕土地　切入点：开发利用　出处：《中国农业资源与区划》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国农耕土地开发利用有着悠久的历史。文章回顾了从旧石器时代到1949年前我国农耕土地开发利用历程、阐述了1949年以来农耕土地开发利用现状及存在问题,并在此基础上提出耕地可持续开发利用的对策。农耕土地开发利用历程是一个从土地的外延开发利用到内涵开发利用,从平面利用到立体利用逐步深化的过程,且1949年前的农耕土地利用开发具有地域分布不均衡、经常以军事活动为先导、开发形式复杂多样、开发中实行综合利用等特点。新中国成立以来,随着国民经济建设的全面开展,以空前的规模开垦荒地和开展土地改良,使耕地面积不断扩大、质量有所提升,农耕土地开发利用取得明显成效。但综合考虑现有耕地数量、质量、生态状况和发展用地需求等因素,仍面临着后备资源不足、质量总体不高、退化现象严重、减少趋势还将继续等严峻形势。以史为鉴,切实保护耕地、加强农耕土地综合整治、促进集约节约用地,构建生态良好、可持续的农耕土地利用格局是未来的方向。
[Abstract]:The development and utilization of agricultural land in China has a long history. This paper reviews the development and utilization of agricultural land in China from the Paleolithic Age to 1949, and expounds the present situation and existing problems of the exploitation and utilization of agricultural land since 1949. On the basis of this, the countermeasures for the sustainable development and utilization of cultivated land are put forward. The course of agricultural land development and utilization is a process from the extension of land development to connotation development and utilization, from plane utilization to stereoscopic utilization. The agricultural land use and development before 1949 was characterized by uneven geographical distribution, often guided by military activities, complex and diverse forms of development, comprehensive utilization in development, etc. Since the founding of New China, With the comprehensive development of the national economy, reclamation of wasteland and land improvement on an unprecedented scale have resulted in the continuous expansion and improvement of cultivated land area, and the development and utilization of agricultural land have achieved remarkable results. However, comprehensive consideration has been given to the quantity of existing cultivated land, Such factors as quality, ecological status and demand for land for development still face a grim situation, such as insufficient reserve resources, low overall quality, serious degradation, and the trend of reduction will continue. It is the future direction to strengthen the comprehensive regulation of agricultural land, to promote intensive land conservation, and to construct a sustainable pattern of agricultural land use.
【作者单位】：中国科学与地理科学与资源研究所;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“吉林省农作物生产风险测度及保险区划研究”(71303240)
【分类号】：F301.24

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