云南省农民收入差距的度量与分解

发布时间：2018-03-07 07:52

本文选题：农民　切入点：收入差距　出处：《云南财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以云南省为例,基于云南省历年统计年鉴的各市、各州以及县级数据,采用基尼系数和加权变异系数法度量了云南省内部和按方位划分的滇东、滇中、滇西三个地区县域农民内部的收入差距。主要描述了三个地区之间的收入差距状况,并详细研究分析了造成这种收入差距的主要影响因素。得到的研究结论具有十分重要的理论意义和实际指导意义。其不仅可以帮助我们理解对西部地区农村收入差距的成因,也能够为西南地区政府制定农村的扶贫政策提供切实的措施建议。本文的主要结论是:在2007年至2013年这七年间,收入差距最大的是2009年和2010年,基尼系数分别为0.3118和0.3110。在收入差距方面,本文采用多亚组基尼系数分解方法对2010年的不平等指数进行了分解,分解结果表明:农民收入差距主要来自各地区内部差距,也就是各地区内部资源存在禀赋差异,其对总体贡献率为86.24%,其中滇中地区内部收入差距对总体收入差距的贡献率为33.34%,但是滇东和滇西的基尼系数最高,均超过0.5。组间差距即三个地区之间的收入差距对总体差距的贡献率为13.76%。并且从人力资本、物质资本、自然资源、生产资本和社会性负担五个方面考察影响收入差距的主要因素,发现人均国有经济固定资产投资额、劳动力受教育程度与收入不平等程度呈负相关,烤烟播种面积与收入不平等程度呈正相关,水和电这两项最基本的农业生产需求也能引起各地区间农民收入的差异。另外,本文还通过按照收入和支出的来源分解不平等指数发现,家庭经营性收入是农村住户的收入的主要来源,也是引起农民收入不平等的主要原因,而家庭生产经营主要的收入是农业收入,即农业收入造成的差异是云南省农村地区收入不平等差异的主要因素。在各项支出当中,生活消费支出占总支出比例最高可达61.36%,对不平等局面的贡献率为54.11%,也是最高的。其中的食品消费支出占比高达29.38%,说明满足生活基本需求仍是目前大多数农民的首要抉择。针对云南省县域间农民收入差距现象,本文提出了以下政策建议:在收入分配的政策上,可通过提高滇东与滇西地区各市(州)内部中、低收入人口社会保障收入的方式实现降低滇东与滇西地区的收入差距。尽快地实现各项社会保险的全国统筹,只有这样,才能将部分的高收入人口的社会保险缴费转移给低收入人口。政府应加大转移支付力度,要因地制宜,有区别的承担贫穷落后、收入差距大的地区财政投入。云南省政府应大幅增加对县域间农民教育投资,普遍提高农民素质。扶持当地乡镇的企业,提高技术含量,扩大企业的生产规模,以吸取更多的农村劳动力,带来非农业收入。政府应切实减轻农民压力,完善农村居民征税收税的制度。
[Abstract]:Taking Yunnan Province as an example, based on the data of the cities, states and counties of Yunnan Province over the years, the Gini coefficient and weighted coefficient of variation are used to measure the internal and azimuth of Yunnan and the middle of Yunnan. The income gap among farmers in three counties in western Yunnan. The paper mainly describes the situation of income gap among the three regions. The conclusions are of great theoretical and practical significance. It can not only help us understand the causes of the rural income gap in the western region, but also help us understand the causes of the income gap in the western region. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: in the seven years from 2007 to 2013, the income gap is the largest in 2009 and 2009. The Gini coefficient is 0.3118 and 0.3110 respectively. In terms of income gap, this paper uses the multi-subgroup Gini coefficient decomposition method to decompose the inequality index in 2010. The results show that the income gap of farmers mainly comes from the internal disparity in different regions. In other words, there are differences in the endowment of resources in different regions, and the contribution rate to the total income gap is 86.24, in which the contribution rate of the internal income gap to the total income gap in the central Yunnan region is 33.34, but the Gini coefficient is the highest in the east and west of Yunnan. The contribution rate of the income gap between the three regions to the overall gap is 13.76%. The main factors affecting the income gap are analyzed from five aspects: human capital, material capital, natural resources, production capital and social burden. It was found that there was a negative correlation between the investment in fixed assets per capita, the education level of labor force and the income inequality, while the planting area of flue-cured tobacco was positively correlated with the income inequality. The two most basic agricultural production needs, water and electricity, can also lead to differences in farmers' incomes across regions. In addition, the paper finds that the inequality index is broken down by sources of income and expenditure. Household operating income is the main source of income for rural households and the main cause of income inequality among farmers. The main income of household production and operation is agricultural income. That is, the difference caused by agricultural income is the main factor of income inequality in rural areas of Yunnan Province. The highest proportion of living expenses to total expenditure can reach 61.36 percent, and the contribution rate to inequality is 54.11, which is also the highest. The proportion of food consumption expenditure is as high as 29.38 percent, which shows that meeting the basic needs of living is still the first of most farmers at present. To solve the problem of peasants' income gap among counties in Yunnan Province, This paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: in terms of income distribution policy, it can be improved in the cities (prefectures) of eastern and western Yunnan regions. The way of social security income of low-income population is to reduce the income gap between eastern Yunnan and western Yunnan. As soon as possible, we can realize the overall plan of all kinds of social insurance as soon as possible. Only in this way, In order to transfer the social insurance contributions of some of the high-income population to the low-income population. The government should increase the transfer payments, take measures according to local conditions, and undertake poverty and backwardness in a differentiated manner. The Yunnan Provincial Government should substantially increase the investment in the education of farmers among counties, improve the quality of farmers in general, support local township enterprises, increase the technological content, and expand the scale of production of enterprises. In order to absorb more rural labor force and bring non-agricultural income, the government should lighten the pressure of farmers and improve the system of taxation and taxation of rural residents.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8

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