我国海洋渔业生态安全评价体系实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 11:01

本文选题：海洋渔业　切入点：生态安全　出处：《广东海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长期以来,由于人们对捕捞量的过度追求,导致海域特定鱼类种族的减少甚至消亡,造成渔业生物资源危机；同时养殖海域过量投入渔用饲料、鱼类饵料,造成海域富营养化,影响水质,导致附近海域赤潮频发,造成渔业海域生态系统退化,生态功能减弱；加之人类工业化过程中废水直接排入海洋、废物倾倒入海等更加剧了海洋渔业生态系统的负担,导致海洋灾害频发,阻碍海洋渔业的健康发展,影响水产品质量。因此,我们必须重视海洋渔业生态系统健康的维护,对海洋渔业生态安全进行测度,合理确定海洋渔业生态系统的健康状况,采取有效措施,切实可行的解决环境危机问题。本文基于PSR模型对衡量海洋渔业生态系统的压力指标、状态指标、响应指标进行分析,结合已有的研究成果,选取可行指标,构建评价我国海洋渔业生态安全的基本框架,并以广东省为样本,为今后有关研究提供理论依据及技术参考。本文一共分为7个部分。第1部分,绪论。介绍海洋渔业生态安全评价的研究背景,并分析研究的理论意义和实践意义,对国内外与海洋渔业生态安全评价的理论及方法进行梳理,明确本文总体思路、研究框架以及创新点。第2部分,相关概念及理论基础。对生态安全、生态安全评价、海洋渔业生态系统服务、海洋渔业生态安全的概念进行解析,同时简单介绍本文研究过程中依据的基本理论。第3部分,我国海洋渔业生态安全发展现状及影响因素。重点研究了我国海洋渔业经济迅猛发展过程中,渔业海域水质、水产品质量等的现状,并从海洋渔业人口扩增、资源锐减、水环境污染严重、环保技术支撑不足四个方面,分层次剖析其诱因。第4部分,海洋渔业生态安全评价体系构建。明确评价所依据的模型基础一—-PSR模型,确定指标选取原则,构建评价体系,并对评价过程中运用的基本统计分析方法进行简要介绍。第5部分,以广东省为例进行实证研究。采用主成分分析法对广东省海洋渔业生态安全压力指数、状态指数、响应指数分别进行计算分析,采用层次分析法赋予海洋渔业生态安全压力指数、状态指数、响应指数以不同的权重值,通过加权平均计算出广东省2006-2012年海洋渔业生态安全综合指数,对实际情况进行验证。第6部分,提出维护我国海洋渔业生态安全的对策。第7部分,结论与展望。
[Abstract]:For a long time, due to the excessive pursuit of fish catch, the specific species of fish in the sea area has been reduced or even died out, resulting in the crisis of fishery biological resources. At the same time, too much fish feed has been put into the aquaculture area, resulting in eutrophication of the sea area. Affecting water quality, causing frequent occurrence of red tide in nearby sea areas, resulting in the degradation of ecosystems and weakening of ecological functions in fishing areas; in addition, wastewater is discharged directly into the ocean during the process of human industrialization. The dumping of wastes into the sea has exacerbated the burden on marine fisheries ecosystems, led to frequent marine disasters, hindered the healthy development of marine fisheries and affected the quality of aquatic products. Therefore, we must attach importance to the health maintenance of marine fisheries ecosystems, This paper measures the ecological security of marine fishery, reasonably determines the health status of marine fishery ecosystem, and takes effective measures to solve the environmental crisis. Based on the PSR model, this paper measures the pressure index of marine fishery ecosystem. Based on the analysis of state index and response index and combining with the existing research results, this paper selects feasible indexes to construct the basic framework for evaluating the ecological security of marine fishery in China. This paper is divided into seven parts. Part 1, introduction, introduces the research background of marine fishery ecological safety assessment, and analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of the study. This paper combs the theories and methods of ecological security assessment at home and abroad and marine fisheries, and clarifies the general idea, research framework and innovation points of this paper. Part 2, related concepts and theoretical basis. The concept of marine fishery ecosystem service and marine fishery ecological security is analyzed, and the basic theory based on in this paper is introduced briefly. Part 3, The present situation and influencing factors of marine fishery ecological security in China are studied in this paper. In the process of rapid development of marine fishery economy in China, the present situation of water quality and aquatic product quality in fishery area is studied, and the population of marine fishery expands and the resources decrease sharply. Serious pollution of water environment and insufficient technical support for environmental protection are analyzed in four aspects. Part 4, the construction of ecological safety evaluation system for marine fisheries. The PSR model is the basis of the evaluation, and the principle of index selection is determined. The evaluation system is constructed, and the basic statistical analysis methods used in the evaluation process are briefly introduced. Part 5, taking Guangdong Province as an example, makes an empirical study. The principal component analysis method is used to analyze the ecological safety pressure index of marine fishery in Guangdong Province. State index and response index are calculated and analyzed respectively. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to endow marine fishery ecological safety pressure index, state index and response index with different weights. The comprehensive index of marine fishery ecological security in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2012 was calculated by weighted average, and the actual situation was verified. In the sixth part, the countermeasures to maintain the ecological security of marine fishery in China were put forward. Part 7, conclusion and prospect.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.4

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