1990-2015年中国工矿用地扩张及其对粮食安全的潜在影响

发布时间：2018-03-18 00:00

本文选题：工矿用地扩张　切入点：耕地资源　出处：《地理科学进展》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国城市化和工业化进程所带来的粮食安全问题一直是政府和学术界关注的焦点。中国近25年来快速的城市化与工业化导致耕地资源减少和环境污染加剧,对国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展产生一定影响。本文基于中国土地利用/覆盖变化最新解译结果和中国分县粮食产量数据,重建了中国1 km分辨率的粮食产量空间数据,分析了中国1990-2015年工矿用地扩张及其对粮食产能的影响。结果表明:中国工矿用地面积在1990-2015年间增长了326%,扩张速率从1990-2000年的288 km~2/a增加到2000-2010年的1482 km~2/a,近5年(2010-2015年)扩张速率最快,达2600 km~2/a。过去25年间工矿用地扩张导致耕地面积减少1.7×104km2,直接导致粮食产能损失约6.49Mt(106t),因工矿用地扩张可能会对周边耕地污染等间接影响的粮食产量达83.20 Mt。经评估,国家工矿用地扩张对粮食产能潜在影响总体上是当前粮食总产能的17%。在空间分布特征方面,工矿用地扩张对粮食产能的直接影响呈现由东部沿海地区向西北地区逐渐减小趋势;间接影响在中部和西部地区相对较大。
[Abstract]:Food security caused by urbanization and industrialization in China has always been the focus of attention of the government and academia. The rapid urbanization and industrialization of China in the past 25 years have resulted in the reduction of cultivated land resources and the intensification of environmental pollution. Based on the latest interpretation results of land use / cover change in China and the grain yield data of different counties in China, the spatial data of grain yield at a resolution of 1 km in China are reconstructed. The paper analyzes the expansion of industrial and mining land in China from 1990 to 2015 and its influence on grain production capacity. The results show that the area of industrial and mining land in China increased by 326% in 1990-2015, and the rate of expansion increased from 288 km~2/a in 1990-2000 to 1482 km-1 / 2 / a in 2000-2010. Over the past 25 years, the expansion of industrial and mining land has resulted in a decrease of 1.7 脳 104 km2 in cultivated land, and a direct loss of grain production capacity of about 6.49 Mt / 106t0.As a result of the indirect effects of the expansion of industrial and mining land on the surrounding cultivated land pollution, the grain production has reached 83.20 Mt. The potential effect of the expansion of industrial and mining land on grain production capacity is 17% of the total grain production capacity at present. In terms of spatial distribution, the direct effect of the expansion of industrial and mining land on grain productivity is gradually decreasing from the eastern coastal area to the northwest region. Indirect effects are relatively large in the central and western regions.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室;中国科学院大学;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2014CB954302)~~
【分类号】：F301.2;F326.11

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