荆州市家庭农场经营效率及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 07:04

本文选题：荆州市　切入点：家庭农场　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为重要的新型农业经营主体,家庭农场既坚持了以家庭为单位进行生产经营的特点,又能够通过规模经营达到促进农民增收的目的,是适合和顺应我国农业现代化发展要求的经营形式。相比其他新型农业经营主体,家庭农场有着独特的优势,在我国全国各地也得到迅速发展。但同时也要看到,在全国家庭农场的培育过程中,依然存在较多的问题,很多地方过分关注家庭农场的规模而忽略当地发展实际,家庭农场的发展存在片面性和盲目性,“一刀切”的发展模式给我国农业现代化的正常发展秩序造成了严重的不利影响。如何立足地区实际,形成区域性的家庭农场培育之路,成为我国家庭农场发展面临的迫切要求。基于以上现实背景,本文选取荆州市家庭农场作为研究对象,探讨荆州市家庭农场的经营效率及其影响因素。首先,在梳理国内外有关家庭农场经营效率的研究基础之上,系统回顾和借鉴了家庭联产承包责任制理论、农业适度规模经营理论和土地产权理论,对家庭农场、新型农业经营主体等基本概念进行了界定,并回顾和总结了荆州市家庭农场的发展历程和发展成效；然后探究了家庭农场经营效率值的测算方法,分别对78家荆州市种植业类家庭农场的总体规模效率、纯技术效率和规模效率进行测算分析,并分析了荆州市家庭农场的投入产出情况。在此基础上,建立了荆州市家庭农场经营效率影响因素的Tobit模型,通过回归分析,得出了荆州市家庭农场经营效率的显著影响因素,最后基于研究结论提出了相应的对策建议。论文的研究结论有：(1)荆州市达到规模效率最优的家庭农场比重较低,绝大部分家庭农场经营效率有较大的提升和优化空间；(2)荆州市家庭农场经营规模报酬阶段分布中,大部分家庭农场处于经营规模报酬递增或递减阶段,不同规模的经营状态下呈现出差异化的特点：(3)荆州市家庭农场在土地和资金投入上冗余较大,在劳动力投入上冗余相对较小；(4)土地经营面积、劳动力投入、租赁地年租金和经营纯收入等四个解释变量对家庭农场的经营效率有着较为显著的影响。基于上述结论,论文提出了相应的对策建议：(1)根据政策文件完善家庭农场的进入和退出机制,解决家庭农场发展混乱和界定不清的不利局面；(2)健全农地流转机制,优化土地使用效率,促使家庭农场达到最优规模经营水平；(3)倡导集约化经营方式,优化生产要素配置,促进荆州市家庭农场投入产出比例的协调配置；(4)健全劳动力流动机制,优化劳动力配置,合理分配和布局家庭劳动力和雇佣劳动力的比例；(5)注重提高家庭农场主的综合素质和管理水平,解决家庭农场经营管理不善带来的不良后果；(6)充分建立和完善荆州市家庭农场经营效率研究的长效机制,促进家庭农场的持续健康稳健发展。
[Abstract]:As an important new type of agricultural management subject, family farms not only adhere to the characteristics of family-based production and management, but also achieve the purpose of increasing farmers' income through large-scale management. Family farms have unique advantages compared with other new types of agricultural management subjects and have developed rapidly throughout the country. However, we should also see that at the same time, In the process of cultivating family farms throughout the country, there are still many problems. Many places pay too much attention to the size of family farms and neglect the actual development of the local areas. There is one-sidedness and blindness in the development of family farms, and the "one-size-fits-all" development model has caused serious adverse effects on the normal development order of agricultural modernization in China. Based on the above realistic background, this paper chooses Jingzhou family farm as the research object, discusses the operating efficiency of Jingzhou family farm and its influencing factors. On the basis of combing the domestic and foreign research on the family farm management efficiency, this paper systematically reviews and draws lessons from the family contract responsibility system theory, the agricultural moderate scale management theory and the land property right theory. This paper defines the basic concepts of the new agricultural management subject, reviews and summarizes the development course and the development effect of the family farm in Jingzhou City, and then probes into the calculation method of the efficiency value of the family farm management. This paper calculates and analyzes the total scale efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of 78 family farms in Jingzhou City, and analyzes the input and output situation of family farms in Jingzhou City. This paper establishes the Tobit model of the influencing factors of the family farm management efficiency in Jingzhou City, and by regression analysis, obtains the significant influencing factors of the family farm management efficiency in Jingzhou City. Finally, based on the conclusion of the study, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The conclusion of this paper is: 1) the proportion of family farms in Jingzhou is lower than that in Jingzhou, where the optimal scale efficiency is achieved. In Jingzhou City, most of the family farms are in the stage of increasing or decreasing the returns of the scale of the family farms, and most of the family farms are in the stage of increasing or decreasing the returns of the family farms. In different scale of operation, there are different characteristics: 3) the family farm in Jingzhou City has greater redundancy in land and capital input, and relatively small redundancy in labor force input) land management area and labor force input. Four explanatory variables, annual rent and net operating income, have a significant impact on the operating efficiency of family farms. The paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions: (1) perfecting the entry and exit mechanism of the family farm according to the policy document, and solving the unfavorable situation of the family farm's development confusion and unclear definition; (2) perfecting the agricultural land circulation mechanism and optimizing the land use efficiency. To promote the family farm to reach the optimal level of scale management.) to advocate intensive management mode, to optimize the allocation of production factors, to promote the coordinated allocation of the input-output ratio of family farms in Jingzhou and to improve the mechanism of labor force flow and to optimize the distribution of labor force. Rational distribution and distribution of the family labor force and the proportion of the employed labor force (5) emphasis on improving the comprehensive quality and management level of the family farmers. To solve the adverse consequences of poor management of family farms 6) fully establish and perfect the long-term mechanism of the study on the efficiency of family farm management in Jingzhou, and promote the sustainable, healthy and steady development of family farms.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324.1

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