我国耕地保护补偿机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 13:24

本文选题：耕地保护　切入点：补偿　出处：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地具有生产、生活、生态等多重属性,亦是重要的战略资源,一旦开发建设,以上多数功能将会丧失。因此,耕地保护是法律义务,更是政治任务。据国土资源部公布,2001年至2008年,我国耕地面积已由19.14亿亩减少到18.257亿亩。人地关系的矛盾也日益紧张,耕地后备资源不足,保护任务日渐沉重。就对耕地保护采取的补偿激励措施而言,由于对补偿主体的界定模糊,补偿方式的单一化,以及补偿标准过低且核算缺乏科学全面的方法,导致耕地保护者得不到应有的经济补偿和激励,耕地占用者无偿或者以较低成本占用了有限的耕地,这既不利于耕地保护目标的实现,也影响着各利益相关者之间的和谐。且相关的补偿法律法规与政策的缺失,也使得耕地保护补偿工作的开展得不到强有力的支撑。这些问题的产生说明了我国目前耕地保护补偿机制的不完善。要解决此问题,必须构建成熟市场机制下的耕地保护补偿体系,完善耕地保护制度与政策。这对实现农地资源的优化配置、保障农民权益及有效保护耕地资源具有很重要的现实意义。本文从耕地保护补偿、耕地保护外部性以及农地产权体系的理论研究出发,通过对比国外典型国家和地区耕地保护补偿的政策体系、实施环境与不同的补偿机制模式,进而总结出可供我国借鉴的关于耕地保护补偿的多种方式及全面的耕地保护补偿价值核算体系。在此基础上就当前耕地保护补偿的框架体系,提出现行我国耕地保护补偿机制的现状、存在的问题,得出农地产权的缺失、政府公共财政转移支付力度弱及补偿法律法规的不健全等是现行补偿机制存在问题的原因。在实证部分,构建耕地保护补偿机制运行效果测算的指标体系,从数量指标(耕地保护系数)、质量指标(耕地产出效益系数等)及执行指标(农户经济权益保护系数)三方面测算现行补偿政策的运行效果,得出目前耕地保护补偿单一的货币补偿方式无法抵挡农地非农化巨大的经济诱惑,也不足以弥补农地减少过度使用农药、化肥使用量而带来的减产,需进一步提高补偿标准,这为成熟市场机制下耕地保护补偿体系的建立提供真实有效的实证基础。在分析耕地保护补偿机制效率的基础上,并借鉴国外市场经济发达国家耕地保护补偿的经验,给出我国市场机制下耕地保护补偿体系框架,采取货币补偿、社会保障、农业补贴及技术保障等多种方式结合的补偿,将耕地的经济、社会、生态价值纳入补偿价值的核算中。最后给出保障该补偿体系有效运行的发展路径与政策建议。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land has many attributes, such as production, life, ecology and so on. It is also an important strategic resource. Once it is developed and built, most of the above functions will be lost. Therefore, cultivated land protection is a legal obligation. It is also a political task. According to the Ministry of Land and Resources, from 2001 to 2008, the area of cultivated land in China has been reduced from 1.914 billion mu to 1.8257 billion mu. The contradiction between man and land is increasingly tense, and the reserve resources of cultivated land are insufficient. The task of protection is becoming heavier and heavier. As far as the compensation incentive measures for cultivated land protection are concerned, the definition of compensation subject is vague, the compensation method is single, and the compensation standard is too low and the accounting lacks of scientific and comprehensive method. As a result, the cultivated land protectors do not get due economic compensation and incentives, and the cultivated land occupiers occupy the limited cultivated land free of charge or at a lower cost, which is not conducive to the realization of the goal of cultivated land protection. It also affects the harmony among the stakeholders. And the related compensation laws, regulations and policies are missing, It also makes the development of cultivated land protection and compensation work without strong support. The emergence of these problems shows that the current cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism in China is not perfect. To solve this problem, It is necessary to construct the cultivated land protection compensation system under the mature market mechanism and perfect the cultivated land protection system and policy. The protection of farmers' rights and interests and the effective protection of cultivated land resources are of great practical significance. This paper starts from the theoretical research on the protection and compensation of cultivated land, the externality of cultivated land protection and the system of farmland property rights. By comparing the policy system of cultivated land protection and compensation in typical foreign countries and regions, the environment and different compensation mechanism models are implemented. Then it summarizes the various ways of compensation for cultivated land protection and the comprehensive accounting system of compensation value for cultivated land protection, which can be used for reference in our country. On the basis of this, the current framework system of cultivated land protection and compensation is discussed. This paper puts forward the present situation and existing problems of the compensation mechanism for farmland protection in our country, and draws the conclusion that the lack of farmland property right, The weakness of government public finance transfer payment and the unsoundness of compensation laws and regulations are the reasons for the existing problems in the current compensation mechanism. In the empirical part, the index system for measuring the operational effect of cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism is constructed. The operational effect of the current compensation policy is estimated from three aspects: quantity index (cultivated land protection coefficient), quality index (cultivated land output benefit coefficient, etc.) and executive index (peasant household economic rights and interests protection coefficient). It is concluded that the single monetary compensation method of farmland protection compensation cannot resist the huge economic temptation of farmland conversion, nor is it sufficient to compensate for the reduction of production caused by the reduction of agricultural land from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizer use, and the need to further improve the compensation standard. This provides a real and effective empirical basis for the establishment of cultivated land protection compensation system under mature market mechanism. On the basis of analyzing the efficiency of cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism, and drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries in foreign market economy, This paper gives the framework of cultivated land protection and compensation system under the market mechanism of our country, which combines the compensation of monetary compensation, social security, agricultural subsidy and technical security, etc, in order to bring about the economy and society of cultivated land. Ecological value is included in the accounting of compensation value. Finally, the development path and policy suggestions to ensure the effective operation of the compensation system are given.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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