生态效益补偿机制下山西森林保险的对策探讨

发布时间：2018-03-25 12:48

本文选题：生态效益补偿　切入点：森林保险　出处：《山西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：森林是孕育人类的母亲,是人类宝贵的资源,能起到保护土壤、涵养水源、调节气候、进化空气等重要作用。长期以来,由于经济发展的需要,人们逐渐加大了对森林的采伐,重采伐轻养育,严重的违背了森林生长发育的自然规律和林业经济发展的规律,故而全球气候变暖、土地沙漠化等问题层出不穷,已经严重影响到人们的生活质量。越来越多的学者将关注的重点转移到森林的生态效益上来。我国政府当局在2004年初正式确立了要建立森林生态效益补偿基金制度,并在全国范围内实施试点。然而在政策落实的具体过程中出现了机构错位,缺乏具体指南等问题已经严重影响到生态资源环境保护长效机制的建立。为了进一步完善相关制度,充分发挥森林生态、经济与社会效益,全面协调三者之间的关系,有必要深入开展相关方面的研究。森林保险就是一个重要的经济支持和财政手段。它产生我于我国市场经济的大背景下,他的承保主体是是以盈利为目标的市场主体,他在运行过程中需要的资源要受到市场的配置。此外,森林保险又是一种政府行为。一般而言,由于森林自身的弱质性以遭遇风险的特殊性,不构成大数法存在的条件,单独的保险公司完全没有抵御这种损失的能力。于是,政策性的森林保险也就应运而生。这种市场为主,政府为辅的运作方式极大的促进了我国农林的建设和防护,对完善我国的生态系统,进一步加强生态文明建设具有十分重要的作用。本文旨在通过梳理国内外研究文献,对生态效益补偿与森林保险的有效性需求不足进行了经济学分析,并在此基础上得出,可能影响森林保险有效性需求的4个关键因素:林业收入比重、政府对保险公司的扶持和补贴、森林资产税收有无减免和森林抵押贷款与森林保险是否联动。此外,还通过相关数据对生态效益补偿机制下森林保险的效率进了评价。最后提出了在生态效益补偿的大框架下,扩大生态效益补偿基金来源,大力宣传森林保险政策,提高政府对森林保险的财政补贴等政策建议。
[Abstract]:Forests are the mother of human beings and the precious resources of human beings. They play an important role in protecting soil, conserving water, regulating climate and evolving air. For a long time, due to the need of economic development, people have gradually increased the harvesting of forests. Heavy cutting and light cultivation seriously violate the natural laws of forest growth and development and the laws of forestry economic development. As a result, global climate warming, desertification and other problems emerge endlessly. It has seriously affected the quality of life of people. More and more scholars have shifted the focus of attention to the ecological benefits of forests. In early 2004, the government authorities of our country formally established the system of compensation fund for forest ecological benefits. However, in the process of implementing the policy, there has been institutional dislocation and the lack of specific guidelines has seriously affected the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the protection of ecological resources and the environment. In order to further improve the relevant system, To give full play to the ecological, economic and social benefits of forests, and to fully coordinate the relationship among the three, Forest insurance is an important financial support and financial means. It is born in the background of our market economy, its underwriting body is the market main body with profit as the target. In addition, forest insurance is a kind of government behavior. Generally speaking, because of the weakness of the forest itself to encounter the particularity of risk, it does not constitute a condition for the existence of the large number method. Individual insurance companies have no capacity to resist such losses. Thus, policy-oriented forest insurance has emerged as the times require. This mode of operation, dominated by the market and supplemented by the government, has greatly promoted the construction and protection of agriculture and forestry in China. It is very important to perfect the ecosystem of our country and further strengthen the construction of ecological civilization. Through combing the research literature at home and abroad, this paper makes an economic analysis on the insufficient demand for the effectiveness of ecological benefit compensation and forest insurance. On this basis, it is concluded that four key factors that may affect the demand for the effectiveness of forest insurance are the proportion of forestry income, government support and subsidies to insurance companies, In addition, the efficiency of forest insurance under the ecological benefit compensation mechanism is evaluated through the relevant data. Finally, under the framework of ecological benefit compensation, the paper puts forward a broad framework of ecological benefit compensation. To expand the source of ecological benefit compensation fund, to publicize the forest insurance policy and to raise the government's financial subsidy to forest insurance and other policy suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.2;F842.66

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