用地成本对企业出口行为的影响及其作用机制

发布时间：2018-03-26 19:20

  本文选题：用地成本　切入点：制造业　出处：《中国工业经济》2017年09期

【摘要】：在经济新常态背景下,中国经济增速正在下滑,土地价格却依然上涨迅速,并成为制约中国制造业出口的重要因素。本文使用世界银行对中国120座城市12400家制造业企业所做的营商环境抽样调查数据,考察了用地成本对企业出口行为的影响及其作用机制。研究表明,用地成本的确削弱了中国制造业在国际市场上的出口竞争力:较高的土地支出不仅降低了企业出口的可能性,还抑制了企业的出口规模。进一步估计显示,不同类型的企业存在差异:相比高效率的企业,用地成本对低效率企业的出口行为影响更大;相比其他类型企业,用地成本对国有企业出口行为影响较小。影响机制检验表明,企业生产率和融资约束是用地成本影响企业出口的可能渠道。本文采用Tobit模型并结合Heckman两阶段模型纠正了样本的选择性偏差,以及使用工具变量估计和面板固定效应估计克服了模型中潜在的内生性问题。本文的研究具有重要的政策含义,增加土地的市场供应量、抑制土地投机性需求以及倡导企业用地成本支付方式的多元化,有利于降低企业的用地成本,提升中国制造业出口竞争力。
[Abstract]:In the context of the new normal economy, China's economic growth is declining, but land prices are still rising rapidly. This paper uses the data from the World Bank sample survey on the business environment of 12400 manufacturing enterprises in 120 cities in China. This paper investigates the influence of land cost on enterprise's export behavior and its mechanism. The research shows that land cost does weaken the export competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry in the international market: higher land expenditure not only reduces the possibility of enterprise's export, It also suppresses the export size of enterprises. Further estimates show that there are differences among different types of enterprises: the cost of land use has a greater impact on the export behavior of inefficient enterprises than those with high efficiency; and compared with other types of enterprises, The cost of land use has little effect on the export behavior of state-owned enterprises. Enterprise productivity and financing constraints are the possible channels for land cost to affect the export of enterprises. In this paper, we use Tobit model and Heckman two-stage model to correct the selectivity deviation of samples. And the use of tool variable estimation and panel fixed effect estimation overcomes the potential endogenous problems in the model. The research in this paper has important policy implications to increase the market supply of land. Restraining the land speculative demand and advocating the diversification of enterprise land cost payment will help to reduce the land cost of enterprises and enhance the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.
【作者单位】： 南开大学经济学院、中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心;南开大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“促进沿海内地沿边对外贸易优势互补研究”(批准号13BJL050) 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国自由贸易区制度创新与保障体系研究”(批准号14JZD020)
【分类号】：F301.2;F424;F752.62
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本文编号：1669248