重点国有林区多维贫困测量与治理研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 20:17

本文选题：重点国有林区　切入点：多维贫困　出处：《东北林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：贫困问题是世界研究的一个重要课题,区域性的贫困和反贫困问题是当前学界对贫困问题关注的焦点,如何认识贫困和测度贫困是制定扶贫政策的基础。重点国有林区虽然不是《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011-2020)》所确定的11个连片特困地区之一,但是这里正经历着由木材生产为主向生态保护为主而转型的“阵痛”,林区的职工名义上是产业工人,但长期以来其工资水平不及当地城镇职工的工资,据调查,内蒙古伊图里河林业局职工人均年工资不及呼伦贝尔市的40%。更重要的是林区的基础设施投资也跟不上农村更跟不上城市。已有对重点国有林区贫困的研究是基于收入贫困的,然而,更多的研究表明,收入只能反映贫困的一个方面,而不能充分反映除收入之外其他维度的贫困。近年来,已经有学者开始了对中国农村进行多维贫困的测度,从多个维度测量贫困是当今贫困问题研究的趋势所在。本文从多维贫困视角对重点国有林区的贫困问题进行研究,利用“2013年重点国有林区民生监测”项目的调研数据,运用Alkire和Foster提出的A-F多维贫困测量方法,从教育、健康和生活水平3个维度共8个指标对重点国有林区的多维贫困进行测量,并对指标和地区进行分解。研究结果表明：(1)重点国有林区存在收入以外的多维贫困,35.7%的职工家庭存在8个指标中至少3个指标的贫困。(2)卫生设施的贫困剥夺情况最为严重,贫困发生率42.1%；其次,健康状况、饮用水和生活燃料的单维贫困剥夺情况也很严重,贫困发生率依次为31.4%、35.0%、33.6%；受教育程度的单维贫困发生率为17.3%,剥夺情况也很严重。(3)指标分解结果表明,卫生设施、饮用水和生活燃料3个指标对重点国有林区多维贫困指数的贡献率最大；林区分解结果表明,重点国有林区的四大国有森工林区都存在不同程度的多维贫困,其中,内蒙古森工林区多维贫困状况最为严重。根据重点国有林区的贫困现状以及测度的结果,本文提出了重点国有林区多维贫困治理的思路和政策建议。首先,提出贫困治理的总体框架,主要包括重点国有林区多维贫困的治理目标、治理原则、治理路径。其次,提出重点国有林区贫困治理的政策建议,主要包括：加大对林区的支持力度,制定覆盖更多维度的多维贫困政策,提高贫困群体的自身发展能力,建立针对性的扶贫机制和风险预警机制。本文的研究,希望对重点国有林区扶贫政策的制定提供参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:The problem of poverty is an important subject in the world study. Regional poverty and anti-poverty are the focus of the current academic attention on poverty. How to understand poverty and measure poverty is the basis for formulating poverty alleviation policies. Although key state-owned forest areas are not one of the 11 special hardship areas identified in the "China Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development Program 2011-2020", However, this place is experiencing a "labor pain" from timber production to ecological protection. Workers in forest areas are nominally industrial workers, but their wages have long been lower than those of local urban workers. According to an investigation, The Ituri River Forestry Bureau in Inner Mongolia has less than 40% of the average annual wage of the employees in Hulunbeir. More importantly, the investment in infrastructure in the forest areas cannot keep up with the rural areas, let alone the cities. Research on poverty in key state-owned forest areas has been based on income poverty. However, more studies have shown that income can only reflect one aspect of poverty, but not poverty in other dimensions except income. In recent years, some scholars have begun to measure the multidimensional poverty in Chinese rural areas. Measuring poverty from multiple dimensions is the trend of poverty research today. This paper studies poverty in key state-owned forest areas from the perspective of multidimensional poverty, and makes use of the survey data of "people's livelihood Monitoring in key State-owned Forest areas in 2013". Using the A-F multidimensional poverty measurement method proposed by Alkire and Foster, the multi-dimensional poverty in key state-owned forest regions was measured from the three dimensions of education, health and living standard. The results show that 35.7% of the workers and families in key state-owned forest areas have poverty deprivation of at least 3 of the 8 indicators) and the deprivation of sanitation facilities is the most serious. The incidence of poverty is 42.1; secondly, the state of health, the single-dimensional deprivation of drinking water and fuel for domestic use is also serious. The incidence of poverty in turn was 31.4% 35.0% and 33.6%; the incidence of single-dimensional poverty with education was 17.30.The deprivation was also very serious. The breakdown of the indicators showed that the sanitation facilities, The three indexes of drinking water and domestic fuel contributed most to the multi-dimensional poverty index in key state-owned forest regions, and the results of forest decomposition showed that the four major state-owned forest regions in key state-owned forest regions all had multi-dimensional poverty to varying degrees, among which, The situation of multi-dimensional poverty is the most serious in the forest region of Inner Mongolia. According to the present situation of poverty in the key state-owned forest area and the result of measurement, this paper puts forward the ideas and policy suggestions for the management of multidimensional poverty in the key state-owned forest region. Put forward the overall framework of poverty management, mainly including the governance objectives, governance principles, governance path of multi-dimensional poverty in key state-owned forest areas. Secondly, put forward policy recommendations on poverty management in key state-owned forest areas. It mainly includes: increasing the support for forest areas, formulating multidimensional poverty policies covering more dimensions, improving the ability of the poor groups to develop themselves, establishing targeted poverty alleviation mechanisms and risk early warning mechanisms. Hope to provide reference and reference for key state-owned forest area poverty reduction policy formulation.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8

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