收入差距、社会网络对农户福利的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 11:18

本文选题：农户福利　切入点：收入差距　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,农村人口占我国人口总数的一半以上,“三农问题”仍然是关系我国经济建设全局的一个根本性问题。农民作为社会中一个庞大的弱势群体,其所享受到的福利水平较低。提高农户福利水平是我国新农村建设的终极目标,也是衡量我国现代化进程的一把标尺。农户福利受到多种因素的影响,收入差距和社会网络是不可忽视的两个方面。我国农村地区收入水平严重不均是一个难以否认的现实问题,我国社会正处于一个急剧变化的转型期,这期间农户的社会网络对农户福利的影响也不容小觑。本文首先介绍了研究的整体框架和研究思路,根据研究目的定义了社会资本、收入差距的概念和相应指标的测度方法,根据阿玛蒂亚森的可行能力方法构建了衡量农户个体福利水平的指标体系,然后以2015年对陕西南部地区的586份调查问卷为基础,采用有序Probit模型实证分析社会网络、收入差距及二者的交互作用对农户福利的影响并探讨三者之间相互的作用机制,最后对回归模型的内生性、稳健性等进行了检验分析,保证了模型回归结果的可靠性。根据实证研究结果,本文得出以下主要研究结论:(1)陕南地区农村居民的收入差距整体较大。在样本村庄中,18个村庄的GINI系数介于0.3到0.4之间,占样本总数的33.3%,9个村庄的GINI系数高于国际通用警戒值0.4,约占样本村庄总数的16.7%。(2)陕南地区农户家庭福利水平不高,近半数的受访农户认为其家庭福利水平处于中等以下水平,这一现象与陕南地区的地理位置、自然环境、交通、经济、文化等整体情况有关,该地区的农村居民生活状况有待进一步提高。(3)收入差距对农户的福利存在负向影响。本文用村庄层面的基尼系数表征的收入差距变量,此外还用将村内居民收入从小到大排序后,第90百分位数村民的收入与第10百分位数村民收入的比值(P90/P10)替代村庄GINI系数对自变量与因变量的关系做稳健性检验,控制变量加入模型后,估计结果稳健。(4)社会网络对农户福利存在正向影响,而且能够缓解收入差距给农户带来的负面效应。一方面,社会网络使农通过与亲友的交往获得情感方面的支持和陪伴,给农户带来心理满足感。另一方面,社会网络能够将不同阶层、社会背景的人连结起来,实现信息和资源的交换与共享,增加农户的就业、投资等机会,从而提高农民的收入和福利。另外,当农户家庭面临危机时,社会网络能够为农户提供一定帮助,从而提高其福利水平。最后,本文根据研究结论提出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:At present, the rural population accounts for more than half of the total population of our country. The "three issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers" is still a fundamental problem related to the overall situation of China's economic construction. Raising the welfare level of farmers is the ultimate goal of the construction of new countryside in our country, and it is also a yardstick to measure the process of modernization of our country. The welfare of farmers is affected by many factors. Income gap and social network are two aspects that can not be ignored. The serious inequality of income in rural areas in China is an undeniable realistic problem, and our society is in a period of rapid transformation. During this period, the influence of farmers' social network on farmers' welfare is not to be underestimated. Firstly, this paper introduces the overall framework and research ideas of the research, defines the concept of social capital, income gap and the measurement method of corresponding indicators according to the purpose of the research. According to Armatyassen's feasible ability method, this paper constructs an index system to measure the individual welfare level of farmers, and then, based on the 586 questionnaires collected in the southern part of Shaanxi province in 2015, uses the ordered Probit model to analyze the social network empirically. The influence of income gap and their interaction on farmers' welfare is discussed. Finally, the endogeneity and robustness of regression model are tested and analyzed. According to the results of empirical research, the following main conclusions are drawn: (1) the income gap of rural residents in southern Shaanxi is large. In the sample villages, the GINI coefficient of 18 villages is between 0. 3 and 0. 4. The GINI coefficient of 9 villages is higher than the international general warning value of 0.4, accounting for 16.70.72% of the total sample villages.) the level of family welfare in southern Shaanxi is not high, and nearly half of the households surveyed believe that their family welfare level is below the average level. This phenomenon is related to the geographical location, natural environment, transportation, economy, culture and other overall conditions in southern Shaanxi. The living conditions of rural residents in this area need to be further improved. (3) the income gap has a negative impact on the welfare of farmers. This paper uses the Gini coefficient at the village level to represent the income gap variable. In addition, the ratio of the income of the 90th percentile to that of the 10th percentile is used to substitute the village GINI coefficient for the robustness test of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable after ranking the income of the village residents from small to large, and the ratio of the income of the 90th percentile to that of the 10th percentile. After the control variable is added to the model, the estimated results are robust. 4) the social network has a positive impact on farmers' welfare, and it can alleviate the negative effects of income gap on farmers. On the one hand, Social networks enable farmers to get emotional support and companionship through contact with relatives and friends, and bring psychological satisfaction to farmers. On the other hand, social networks can connect people from different classes and social backgrounds. To realize the exchange and sharing of information and resources, to increase the employment, investment and other opportunities of farmers, so as to improve the income and welfare of farmers. In addition, when farmers' families are facing a crisis, social networks can provide some help for farmers. In order to improve its welfare level. Finally, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations according to the conclusions of the study.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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