张家港市农村职业教育发展现状与对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 10:20

本文选题：农村职业教育　切入点：发展现状　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村职业教育是农村区域发展与建设的基础与前提,与国家经济社会发展密切相关,是培养农村实用型、技能型人才的主要途径,它不仅是基础教育的延续,也是农村劳动力再教育的平台,是实现农村经济快速发展、全面建设小康社会的关键。在我国,由于城乡二元经济结构,农村地区教育水平发展缓慢,城乡差距大,农村职业教育发展滞后,这种状况进一步加剧了城乡发展的差异,导致农村地区长期滞后于城市,造成了农村职业教育办学过程中存在的很多问题难以解决,同时也严重阻碍我国职业教育整体水平的提高。现代化新农村建设需要大量高素质、技能型人才,这为农村职业教育发展提供了机遇,如何加快农村职业教育的改革发展,满足区域发展发展对人才的需求是当前农村职业教育亟待解决的问题。本研究以江苏张家港市为研究对象,以城乡统筹为背景,从职业教育相关理论出发,首先总结国内外农村职业教育在区域发展进程中的促进作用,证明农村职业教育是缩小城乡差距、促进新农村建设的主要途径;其次,分析张家港市农村经济发展现状以及农村劳动力状况,探讨该市农村职业教育发展的基础和面临的机遇;第三,基于张家港市人口普查数据及农村职业教育发展现状,从需求和供给两个角度分析该市农村职业教育中存在的问题,尤其关注农村职业教育与当地经济发展之间的脱节程度,探讨张家港市农村职业教育存在的问题,为下一步该市完善农村职业教育体系、提高教育水平、提高人力资本素质战略的制定提供依据;第四,在上述分析基础上,基于人口增长模型和人力资本发展模型,分析张家港市未来人口规模、劳动力数量、产业发展模式以及经济发展方向,提出农村职业教育发展途径与政策。通过本研究,得出以下结论:(1)从发展阶段看,张家港市经济发展迅猛,已经逐步进入后工业化阶段,在此期间,低素质、技能单一型、以体力劳动为主的劳动力需求量缩小,该类型劳动力市场出现供过于求的现象,导致一些低技能劳动力难以找到合适的工作岗位;同时,具备综合技能、学习能力强、适应性强的综合劳动力出现短缺,工资不断攀升,这种劳动力市场的供求变化为农村职业教育发展提供了空间;(2)从劳动力本身特征看,在经济发展外部推动力作用下,劳动力技能特征发生转变,劳动力本身对职业技能培训的需求不断增加,但目前技能培训市场专业单一、办学条件滞后、教育水平难以适应市场需求等问题突出,阻遏了农村职业技能教育的进一步发展;(3)张家港市农村职业教育存在资金不足、政策支持力度小、技术推广不到位、培训体系不健全等因素,同时农业职业学校资源短缺、专业结构与农村经济及产业结构发展需求不一致、办学模式陈旧等也进一步限制了农村职业技能培训的发展;(4)区域农村职业技能教育发展需要政府、市场协同作用,政府应从财政支持、教师引进、劳动力技能培训补贴等方面出台创新型政策,从而保证区域农村劳动力技能培训顺利发展;市场方面应充分发挥劳动力市场的能动作用,从劳动力供需角度影响农村职业教育的方向选择,只有在市场、政府之间协同作用下,区域人力资源水平才能得到有效提高。本研究重点分析张家港市农村职业技能培训中存在的问题,研究中以人口普查数据和区域经济发展数据为分析基础,从定量与定性两个角度探讨区域农村职业教育发展中存在问题、解决途径及未来发展方向,研究结果对我国经济发达地区农村职业教育发展具有重要借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The rural occupation education is the basis and premise of rural regional development and construction, and is closely related to the national economic and social development, is to cultivate the rural practical talents, the main way, it is not only the continuation of basic education, but also the rural labor re education platform is to realize the fast development of rural economy, the key of building a well-off society in our country, because of the economic structure of two yuan in urban and rural areas, the development level of education in rural areas is slow, the gap between urban and rural areas, the development of rural occupation education lags behind, this situation is further aggravated by the differences between urban and rural development, resulting in rural areas lag behind the city, causing a lot of problems in the process of rural education in the occupation is also difficult to solve. Seriously hinder the overall level of China's occupation education is improved. The modernization of the new rural construction requires a large number of high-quality, skilled personnel, the rural occupation education The exhibition provides the opportunity to accelerate the reform and development of rural occupation education, regional development to meet the demand for talent development is the current rural occupation education problem to be solved. In this study, Jiangsu city of Zhangjiagang as the research object, to urban and rural areas as the background, from the occupation education related theory, first summarizes the role of domestic and foreign rural occupation in the process of the development of education in the region, that rural occupation education is narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, the main way to promote the construction of new countryside; secondly, analysis the current situation of Zhangjiagang rural economic development and rural labor force, to explore the basis for the development of rural occupation education facing opportunity and the city; third, Zhangjiagang city census data and rural occupation education based on current situation, analyzes the existing problems in the rural occupation education from two aspects of supply and demand, especially rural occupation education Disconnect between degree education and local economic development, discusses the existing problems of Zhangjiagang rural occupation education, improve the rural occupation education system for the next step, to improve the level of education, to provide a basis for improving the quality of human capital development strategy; fourth, in the above analysis on the basis of population growth model and development model based on human capital analysis of the quantity of labor force, the scale of Zhangjiagang City, the future population, industrial development mode and direction of economic development, the rural occupation education development approach and policy. Through this research, draw the following conclusions: (1) from the stage of development, Zhangjiagang rapid economic development, has gradually entered the post industrialization stage, during this period, low quality, skills a single type of labor demand with physical labor is reduced, the labor market phenomenon leads to a pile up in excess of requirement, some low skilled labor is difficult to find The right to work; at the same time, with comprehensive skills, strong learning ability, comprehensive adaptability labor shortages, rising wages, the labor market supply and demand changes to provide space for the development of rural occupation education; (2) from the labor itself characteristics, in the economic development of the external force, labor skill characteristics change of occupation skill training, labor itself increasing demand, but the current market professional skills training single, school conditions lag, the level of education is difficult to adapt to the market demand and other issues outstanding, the further development of education in rural areas to prevent the occupation skill; (3) Zhangjiagang city rural occupation education is lack of funds, policy support, technology promotion is not in place, the training system is not perfect and other factors, at the same time, the resources of agricultural occupation structure and the shortage of schools, professional development of the rural economy and the need of industrial structure For inconsistent development mode of old also further restrict the rural occupation skill training; (4) occupation skill education development in rural areas need the regional government, the government should market synergy, financial support, the introduction of teachers, labor skills training subsidies and other aspects of a new policy, so as to ensure the smooth development of the regional rural labor skill training; should play an active role in the labor market market, from the perspective of labor supply and demand affect the rural occupation education direction, only in the market, the government under the coordination of regional, the level of human resources can be effectively improved. This study focuses on the analysis of existing rural occupation skill training in Zhangjiagang City, using census data and regional economy the development on the basis of data research, from two angles of qualitative and quantitative study on Regional Rural Vocational Education Development There are problems, solutions and future development direction. The results of the study are of great significance for the development of rural vocational education in China's economically developed areas.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G719.2;F323.6

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