明水县耕地质量评价及其提升研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 22:29

本文选题：耕地质量　切入点：最优组合赋权　出处：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地,是人类赖以生存的基本资源和条件。耕地质量对粮食作物的生产数量和优劣产生直接影响,是确保农业发展和粮食安全的重要物质保证。耕地质量评价可以客观明确了解的现有耕地质量、耕地的面积和耕地质量的空间分布的情况,对国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展有重要意义。本文以黑龙江省绥化市明水县为例,分析耕地质量的现状,合理选择评价因子构建评价的耕地质量评价指标体系,通过明水县实地采样,遥感图像的解析,Arc GIS数据空间分析的为依托,利用最优组合赋权法确定权重,对明水县耕地质量进行研究,进一步分析了耕地在不同评价因子的影响下耕地质量的分等与评价,以及不同质量耕地的在各乡镇空间分布。通过耕地质量提升潜力指数的计算,探究评价因子全因素排列后主导因素-次要因素的评价因子的全排列,划分耕地质量重点提升区和耕地质量有待提升区,针对不同的区域对耕地质量提升提出针对性的方法与对策。通过研究本文得到以下结论:明水县高质量耕地的面积22705.948公顷,占明水县耕地总面积的14.71%,在永兴镇分布面积最多;较高质量的耕地面积最大达到了53570.767公顷,占明水县耕地总面积的34.69%,在通泉乡分布最多;一般质量耕地和较低质量耕地的面积分别是21863.364公顷和40808.718公顷,占总耕地面积的14.16%和26.43%,在崇德镇和通达镇分布最多;而低质量的耕地的面积是所有分类中最小的,面积为15456.168公顷,占总面积的10.01%,在繁荣乡分布最多。可见明水县中高质量的耕地面积占比较大,而低质量的耕地的面积最小,说明明水县耕地质量处于中等偏上的水平。明水县通过对10种主导因素进行全因素排列组合,共有15种主导因素组合类型,最终划分成6个耕地质量重点提升区。明水县通过对10种主导因素进行全因素排列组合,共有19种主导因素组合类型。最终划分7个耕地质量有待提升区。明水县6个耕地质量等级提升重点区的主导因素为有机质含量、距障碍层深度、土壤酸碱度和坡度等;7个耕地重点区的主导因素分别为速效磷含量、有机质含量、全氮、黑土层厚度、障碍层深度、土壤酸碱度和表层土壤质地。针对明水县不同重点提升区和有待提升区所在村的耕地质量提升提出对策建议加强建立耕地质量定期评价更新制度;积极开展土地整理工作,加快推进土地平整项目;加强有机肥料的使用,合理轮作,推广秸秆还田;改进释放化肥的观念,根据不同土壤施不同肥料。深耕深松深翻改善耕地质量,采用客土改良法增加黑土层厚度;通过土壤改良剂改善土壤酸碱度。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the basic resource and condition for human survival. The quality of cultivated land has a direct impact on the quantity and quality of food crops. It is an important material guarantee to ensure agricultural development and food security. The existing cultivated land quality, the area of cultivated land and the spatial distribution of cultivated land quality can be objectively and clearly understood by the evaluation of cultivated land quality. This paper takes Mingshui County, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province as an example, analyzes the present situation of cultivated land quality, reasonably selects the evaluation factors to construct the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality. Based on field sampling and remote sensing image analysis of Arc GIS data space, the weight of the cultivated land in Mingshui County is determined by the optimal combination weight method, and the quality of cultivated land in Mingshui County is studied. The classification and evaluation of cultivated land quality under the influence of different evaluation factors, and the spatial distribution of cultivated land of different quality in different towns and villages were further analyzed. To explore the overall arrangement of the main factors after the ranking of all factors of evaluation factors-the evaluation factors of secondary factors, and to divide the key areas of improving cultivated land quality and the areas of cultivated land quality to be improved. This paper puts forward the following conclusions: the area of high quality cultivated land in Mingshui County is 22705.948 hectares, accounting for 14.71% of the total area of cultivated land in Mingshui County, and the distribution area is the most in Yongxing Town; The area of cultivated land of higher quality has reached the maximum of 53570.767 hectares, accounting for 34.69 hectares of the total area of cultivated land in Mingshui County, with the largest distribution in Tongquan Township; the areas of general and lower quality cultivated land are 21863.364 hectares and 40808.718 hectares, respectively. Accounting for 14.16% and 26.43% of the total cultivated land area, it is most widely distributed in Chongde Town and Tongda Town, while the area of low-quality cultivated land is the smallest of all categories, with an area of 15456.168 hectares. Accounting for 10.01% of the total area, it is most distributed in Fong Township. It can be seen that the area of high-quality cultivated land in Mingshui County is relatively large, while the area of low-quality cultivated land is the smallest. The results show that the quality of cultivated land in Mingshui County is at the middle level. Through the arrangement and combination of 10 dominant factors, there are 15 kinds of dominant factors combination types in Mingshui County. Finally, it is divided into 6 key areas for improving the quality of cultivated land. Through the arrangement and combination of 10 dominant factors in Mingshui County, There are 19 kinds of dominant factors combination types. Finally, 7 areas of cultivated land quality need to be improved. The main factor of improving cultivated land quality grade in Mingshui County is the content of organic matter, which is far from the barrier layer, the main factor of which is the content of organic matter. The main factors of soil pH and slope were available phosphorus content, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, thickness of black soil layer, depth of barrier layer, etc. Soil pH and surface soil texture. Aiming at the improvement of cultivated land quality in different key lifting areas and villages to be promoted in Mingshui County, some suggestions were put forward to strengthen the establishment of regular evaluation and updating system of cultivated land quality, and to actively carry out land consolidation work. Accelerate the land leveling project; strengthen the use of organic fertilizers, rationally rotate crops, popularize straw returning to the field; improve the concept of releasing chemical fertilizers, apply different fertilizers according to different soils, and improve the quality of cultivated land by deep tillage, deep ploughing, deep loosening, and deep digging. The method of soil improvement was used to increase the thickness of black soil layer and to improve the soil acidity and alkalinity by soil modifier.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

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