新疆20世纪80年代末以来耕地与建设用地扩张分析

发布时间：2018-03-30 15:31

本文选题：土地利用变化　切入点：耕地与建设用地　出处：《干旱区地理》2017年01期

【摘要】：基于20世纪80年代末、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年5期中国土地利用数据集(NLUD)中的新疆部分,以耕地与建设用地(城乡、工矿、居民用地)为对象,从土地利用动态数据中提取其扩张图斑,分析了近30 a来新疆耕地与建设用地扩张的时空特征。结果表明:(1)南北疆耕地及建设用地扩张具有明显的时空差异。持续增长、南快北缓、重心南移是新疆耕地扩张呈现的总体特征;提速增长、南缓北快、城市扩张为主是建设用地扩张的基本特征。南北疆耕地面积差距逐渐缩小,建设用地面积差异加大。(2)对比近30 a来不同绿洲区内耕地与建设用地的扩张数量及趋势,可将耕地的扩张模式归纳为双峰型、减速型及阶段增长型,将建设用地的扩张模式归纳为指数增长型、双峰型、缓降型及缓降陡增型。(3)各绿洲区耕地及建设用的扩张特征十分显著。北疆耕地除阿勒泰绿洲区依然保持加速扩张外,其余绿洲区耕地扩张规模均出现下降,而北疆各绿洲区建设用地均呈持续加速扩张趋势,其中天山北坡城市扩张尤为突出;南疆各绿洲区耕地扩张均呈加速态势,建设用地扩张规模相对较小。
[Abstract]:Based on the Xinjiang part of China's Land use data set (NLUD5) in the late 1980s, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, cultivated land and construction land (urban and rural, industrial and mining, residential land) are taken as objects. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the expansion of cultivated land and construction land in Xinjiang during the past 30 years were analyzed from the land use dynamic data. The results showed that the spatial and temporal differences of cultivated land and construction land expansion in North and South Xinjiang were obvious and continued to increase. It is the general characteristic of cultivated land expansion in Xinjiang that the south speed up, the south slow and the north slow, and the urban expansion is mainly the basic characteristic of the construction land expansion. The gap between the north and the south of Xinjiang is gradually narrowed, the difference of cultivated land area between the north and the south of Xinjiang is gradually narrowed. Comparing the expansion quantity and trend of cultivated land and construction land in different oasis areas in recent 30 years, the expansion pattern of cultivated land can be classified as bimodal type, deceleration type and stage growth type. The expansion patterns of construction land are classified as exponential growth type, bimodal type, slow-descending type and slow-descending steep-increasing type. The scale of cultivated land expansion in other oasis areas decreased, while the construction land in each oasis area of northern Xinjiang showed a sustained and accelerated expansion trend, especially the urban expansion on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, and the cultivated land expansion of each oasis area in southern Xinjiang showed a trend of acceleration, especially in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. Construction land expansion scale is relatively small.
【作者单位】：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAC03B01)陆地生态系统遥感监测技术研究与应用中国科学院重点部署项目(KSZD-EW-Z-021-02);全国耕地资源遥感监测与耕地保护对策研究
【分类号】：F323.211

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