基于农业分类的家庭农场规模认定研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 19:25

本文选题：家庭农场　切入点：农业生产要素　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：工业化、信息化、新型城镇化和农业现代化同步推进、协调发展的国家战略下,国家主张在农业方面建立起新型农业经营体系,在坚持和完善以家庭承包经营为主体的农业经营制度基础上,改变传统分散的农业经营经营方式。家庭农场是国家构建的新型农业经营主体和重点扶持对象之一,但因为没有明确规定家庭农场的经营规模,政界和学术界对此也没有形成共识,所以地方政府在落实国家扶持政策时,往往难以把握尺寸。对家庭农场的经营规模难以形成一致意见的原因是农业是一个涉及内容广泛,影响因素众多的产业。本文尝试将农业按投入生产要素分为土地密集型、劳动密集型、资本密集型和技术密集型四大类,用不同的标准来衡量经营不同农业类别家庭农场的规模,具体衡量标准分别为种植经济作物的纯收益、外出劳务性务工人员的工资性收入水平、城镇居民人均可支配收入以及技术员工的净收入水平。鉴于家庭农场经营不同的农业类型,收入标准应该更趋科学、合理。本文得到的结论如下:经营土地密集型农业的家庭农场的规模依不同的农作物而发生不同,经营水稻的规模为130亩左右,经营小麦的规模面积为120亩左右,经营玉米的规模面积为120亩左右,经营马铃薯的规模面积为20亩左右;经营劳动密集型农业的家庭农场经营规模分为蔬菜种植的家庭农场经营规模为15亩左右,水果种植的家庭农场经营规模为10亩;经营资本密集型密集型农业的家庭农场的规模有不同的衡量单位,具体为经营设施农业的家庭农场规模为10亩左右,水产养殖家庭农场的规模为30亩左右,养殖生猪的家庭农场规模为250头左右,养牛家庭农场的规模为25头左右;养羊家庭农场的规模需要进一步分类,肉山羊的养殖规模为230只左右,奶山羊的养殖规模为260只左右,毛山羊的养殖规模为125只左右;养殖家禽的家庭农场规模也需要视情况而定,肉类家禽的养殖规模需要达到25000只左右,蛋类家禽的规模需要达到10000只左右;经营技术密集型的家庭农场规模标准同样以种植面积来衡量。这一类型的典型是种植苗木的家庭农场,它的经营规模应在100亩左右。实际调查表明,各种类型的家庭农场规模要比本文得到的规模标准要大一些,但这并不影响本文的结论,可以将本文得出的家庭农场规模标准作为最低的规模要求,行政管理部门在实行家庭农场登记和提供政策扶持时可以有相应的参考标准。明确家庭农场的经营规模后,本文提出了政府在扶持家庭农场方面需要采取的政策措施:一是要增加对家庭农场的金融扶持,是建立完善土地流转机制三是积极落实对家庭农场的补贴政策,四是加强对家庭农场经营者的业务培训,通过这些措施,实现我国农业经营主体的顺利转型升级,为解决农业、农村和农民问题提供有益帮助。
[Abstract]:Under the national strategy of industrialization, information technology, new urbanization and agricultural modernization, and coordinated development, the state advocates the establishment of a new agricultural management system in agriculture. On the basis of persisting in and perfecting the agricultural management system with family contract management as the main body, we should change the traditional decentralized agricultural management mode. Family farm is a new type of agricultural management subject and one of the key supporting objects constructed by the state. However, because there is no clear definition of the size of family farms, and there is no consensus among political and academic circles on this, local governments, when implementing national support policies, The reason why it is difficult to agree on the management scale of family farms is that agriculture is an industry involving a wide range of contents and many influential factors. This paper attempts to divide agriculture into land intensive according to input production factors. The four categories of labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive use different criteria to measure the size of household farms operating different types of agriculture, as measured by the net income of growing cash crops. The income level of migrant workers, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the net income of skilled workers. In view of the different types of agriculture run by family farms, the income standard should be more scientific. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: the scale of family farm of land intensive agriculture is different according to different crops, the scale of rice management is about 130 mu, and the scale of wheat is about 120 mu. The scale of managing corn is about 120 mu, and that of potato is about 20 mu. The scale of family farm in labor-intensive agriculture is about 15 mu for vegetable planting. The scale of family farms for fruit cultivation is 10 mu; the scale of family farms for capital-intensive agriculture is measured in different units, specifically about 10 mu for family farms operating facility agriculture. The scale of the aquaculture family farm is about 30 mu, the scale of the family farm for raising live pigs is about 250, and the scale of the family farm for raising cattle is about 25; the scale of the family farm for raising sheep and sheep needs to be further classified. The scale of raising meat goats is about 230, that of dairy goats is about 260, and that of wool goats is about 125. The scale of meat and poultry needs to reach about 25000, and the scale of egg poultry needs to reach about 10000. This type of family farm, typically a family farm with seedlings, should operate on a scale of about 100 mu. The actual survey shows that, The scale of various types of family farms is larger than that obtained in this paper, but this does not affect the conclusion of this paper. The administrative departments may have corresponding reference standards when implementing the registration of family farms and providing policy support. This paper puts forward the policy measures that the government should take to support the family farm: first, to increase the financial support to the family farm; third, to establish and improve the land transfer mechanism; third, to actively implement the subsidy policy to the family farm. The fourth is to strengthen the business training of family farm operators, through these measures, to realize the smooth transformation and upgrading of the main body of agricultural management in China, and to provide beneficial help for solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324.1

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