三权分置下我国农村土地信托制度探索

发布时间：2018-04-01 19:05

本文选题：土地制度　切入点：土地信托　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过土地信托方式对农村土地进行流转有着天然的制度优势。我国土地信托实践在安徽宿州、湖南省益阳、黑龙江兰西等地成功试水,取得了不错的经济效果和社会效果,国内学者对土地信托实践进行了理论构建、模式分析、规则论证和意义阐释。但理论研究的缺陷在于未能从合法性、土地信托的本质和制度协调与配置的角度解决土地信托的制度建构问题。在三权分置的视域下,土地信托模式下的信托财产为土地经营权。现有的土地信托制度的理论架构并未在农村金融体制下研究,导致其活力不足。我国的土地信托实践止步于将农村土地予以信托化,土地信托制度的发展并未深入,土地信托的功能未得以充分发挥。第一,土地信托产品的发行是激活土地金融属性的关键。结构化信托产品的设计要适时适地满足各方的利益需求,具备可行性和可操作性,有效防范土地信托产品的经营风险。第二,土地信托受益权凭证的自由流通是实现土地价值最大化的方式。探寻权利本质、阐释理论基础、设计制度条件、解决法律冲突,是必须解决的问题。第三,土地信托银行的建立是土地信托制度的未来发展方向,在此基础上探索土地资产证券化的制度空间。在奠定了农村土地信托合法性的基础上,本文提出要着重于激活农村土地的金融属性,构建市场化的农村土地信托制度。农村土地信托应建立市场化土地信托制度。市场化的土地信托制度指的是在坚持土地所有制不变的前提下,土地权利顺利转化为信托产品,信托产品流动为金融要素,金融要素投身于农业经营与现代化。农村土地信托的本质为知识下乡、金融下乡和农民解放。达不到上述目的的土地信托制度,不能有效破解农村土地改革和农村土地流转的难题。农村土地信托制度应关注土地金融属性的充分激发,充分发挥信托制度的独特功能与优势;农村土地信托制度应有效防范农业风险,利用保险制度的避险功能,信托资金池的保障功能,信托制度的风险隔离功能达到有效防范农业经营风险的目标。农村土地信托制度在意义上,满足农民的利益诉求,破解农村土地改革与流转的难题,为信托业提供了新的业务突破口,为国家的城镇化战略注入动力,能有效实现农业规模化、集约化与现代化。除此之外,还要专注于土地信托中农民权利的保护,实现土地信托参与者利益保障的法律机制设计。本文旨在构建能够充分激发土地金融属性的农村土地信托制度,构建农村土地信托的法律化表达机制和法律保障制度,奠定土地信托坚实的合法性基础,在有限能力范围内推动农村土地信托制度的施行。
[Abstract]:The practice of land trust in China has been successfully tested in Suzhou, Hunan Province, Yiyang, Heilongjiang Province, and Lanxi, Heilongjiang Province, and has achieved good economic and social effects. Domestic scholars have made theoretical construction, mode analysis, rule demonstration and meaning interpretation of land trust practice, but the defects of theoretical research lie in the failure of legitimacy. The essence of land trust and the angle of system coordination and disposition solve the problem of system construction of land trust. The trust property under the land trust mode is the land management right. The theoretical framework of the existing land trust system has not been studied under the rural financial system, which leads to its lack of vitality. The practice of land trust in our country stops at the trust of the rural land. The development of the land trust system has not been deepened, and the function of the land trust has not been brought into full play. The issue of land trust products is the key to activate the property of land finance. The design of structured trust products should meet the interests of all parties in a timely and appropriate manner, be feasible and operable, and effectively guard against the operational risks of land trust products. The free circulation of land trust beneficial right certificate is the way to realize the maximization of land value. To explore the essence of the right, to explain the theoretical basis, to design the system condition and to solve the conflict of laws are the problems that must be solved. The establishment of land trust bank is the future development direction of land trust system. On this basis, it explores the institutional space of land asset securitization. This paper puts forward that we should focus on activating the financial attributes of rural land. Constructing market-oriented rural land trust system. Rural land trust should establish market-oriented land trust system. The market-oriented land trust system refers to the smooth transformation of land rights into trust products on the premise of persisting in land ownership. The essence of rural land trust is to go to the countryside with knowledge, finance and peasant liberation. The rural land trust system should pay attention to the full stimulation of the land financial attributes and give full play to the unique functions and advantages of the trust system. The rural land trust system should effectively guard against agricultural risks, make use of the function of insurance system to avoid risks, and guarantee function of trust fund pool. The function of risk isolation of trust system can effectively prevent the risk of agricultural management. In the sense of rural land trust system, it can satisfy the interests of farmers and solve the problems of rural land reform and circulation. It provides a new business breakthrough for the trust industry, invigorates the country's urbanization strategy, and effectively realizes the scale, intensification and modernization of agriculture. In addition, it also focuses on the protection of farmers' rights in the land trust. The purpose of this paper is to construct the rural land trust system which can fully stimulate the land financial attributes, and to construct the legal expression mechanism and legal protection system of the rural land trust. Lay a solid legal foundation of land trust and promote the implementation of rural land trust system within the limits of limited capacity.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.1

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