内蒙古准格尔旗土地利用变化及其生态环境效应研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:25

本文选题：土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)　切入点：生态服务价值　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以地球系统科学理论为指导,以土地利用/土地覆被、人地协调理论、可持续发展为基础理论,选用了内蒙古准格尔旗2000、2005、2010年和2013年的遥感数据进行空间处理,以人机对话方式提取四个时段土地利用变化的基础数据。利用GIS的空间分析功能,生成了各种专题图,并选用空间分析、信息熵、主成分分析、生态系统服务价值等模型,分析了研究区土地利用动态时空变化规律。在此基础上,结合野外考察和气象气候、社会经济统计数据,借助SPSS统计软件,对土地利用变化的驱动因素及生态环境效应等进行了系统地综合研究。研究结论如下：(1)2000-2013年间准格尔旗土地利用结构没有发生大的变化,草地、林地、耕地一直是三大主要用地类型,其他用地面积比例均最小。其中,林地面积和建设用地面积呈显著增加趋势,耕地、沙地、草地、水域和其他用地均呈逐渐减少趋势；土地利用结构信息熵呈逐渐下降趋势,表明了土地利用类型空间分布的均匀度呈下降趋势,而土地利用类型面积的有序度呈上升趋势。(2)单一土地利用动态度表明研究期内准格尔旗耕地变化速率最快,林地和建设用地、沙地、其他用地变化速度较快,草地和水域变化速度较缓慢；综合土地利用动态度表明土地利用变化速率较平稳。因林地和建筑用地面积的逐渐扩大,研究区土地利用程度呈逐渐上升趋势。(3)耕地、林地和草地之间的相互转换对总的转移量的贡献最大,三者间转换面积使林地面积不断增加,耕地和草地面积不断减少。耕地的转出量在三个阶段均居首位,林地是其转出的主要地类,而建设用地的转入中耕地的贡献最大。沙地的面积不断减少,主要转换为林地和草地,表明了土地利用方式向更好地方向发展。(4)准格尔旗生态系统服务价值整体呈上升趋势。在土地利用类型上生态系统服务价值变化呈“二增四减”的趋势：林地、建设用地生态系统服务价值呈增加趋势,而耕地、草地、水域、沙地生态系统服务价值呈减少趋势。(5)草地、耕地土地利用面积减少,与总生态系统服务价值呈正相关性,相关系数分别为0.986、0.984,草地、耕地的土地利用面积减少,大部分转换为林地,林地的单位面积生态系统服务价值较高,与总的生态系统服务价值呈正相关,相关系数为0.999。(6)人口数量的增加使基础设施用地增加,进而耕地被大量占用。经济发展使种植业比重不断下降,畜牧业和林业比重逐年上升。产业结构的改变导致大量耕地转变为建设用地。农业科技的进步,使生产力不断提高。因此,影响最大的驱动因子为人口经济、产业、农业科技。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of Earth system science, the theory of land use / land cover, human-land coordination and sustainable development, the remote sensing data of Zhungeer Banner of Inner Mongolia in 2005, 2010 and 2013 were selected for spatial processing.The basic data of land use change in four periods were extracted by man-machine dialogue.Using the spatial analysis function of GIS, various thematic maps were generated, and spatial analysis, information entropy, principal component analysis, ecosystem service value and other models were selected to analyze the dynamic temporal and spatial changes of land use in the study area.On this basis, the driving factors of land use change and ecological and environmental effects are systematically studied with the help of SPSS statistical software, combined with field investigation, meteorological and climatic data, social and economic statistics data.The conclusions are as follows: the land use structure of Zhungeer Banner has not changed greatly from 2000 to 2013, grassland, woodland and cultivated land are the three main types of land use, and the proportion of other land areas is the smallest.Among them, the area of forest land and the area of construction land showed a significant increase trend, cultivated land, sandy land, grassland, water area and other land showed a decreasing trend, and the information entropy of land use structure decreased gradually.The results showed that the spatial distribution uniformity of land use type was decreasing, while the order degree of land use type area was on the rise. 2) the single land use dynamic degree indicated that the change rate of cultivated land in Zhungeer Banner was the fastest during the study period.The change rate of forest land, construction land, sand land and other land use is faster, while that of grassland and water area is slow, and the comprehensive land use dynamic degree indicates that the rate of land use change is stable.Because of the gradual expansion of the area of woodland and construction land, the degree of land use in the study area showed an increasing trend. The conversion between woodland and grassland contributed the most to the total amount of transfer, and the conversion area between the three areas made the area of woodland increase continuously.The area of cultivated land and grassland is decreasing.The amount of cultivated land transfer is the first in the three stages, and the woodland is the main land category, and the construction land is the most important contribution to the transfer of cultivated land.The area of sandy land is decreasing, which is mainly converted to woodland and grassland, indicating that the value of ecosystem service in Zhungeer Banner is on the whole rising.The change of ecosystem service value in land use type showed a trend of "two increase and four decrease": forest land, construction land ecosystem service value increased, while cultivated land, grassland, water area,The value of ecosystem service in sandy land showed a decreasing trend. The land use area of cultivated land decreased, which was positively correlated with the value of total ecosystem service, and the correlation coefficient was 0.986 ~ 0.984, respectively. The land use area of grassland and cultivated land decreased.Most of them were converted into woodland, and the value of ecosystem services per unit area of forestland was higher, which was positively correlated with the total ecosystem service value, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999.0. 6) the land for infrastructure was increased with the increase of population, and the cultivated land was occupied by a large amount.The economic development causes the planting industry proportion to drop unceasingly, the animal husbandry and the forestry proportion rises year by year.The change of industrial structure leads to a large amount of cultivated land turned into construction land.Advances in agricultural science and technology have led to continuous improvement in productive forces.Therefore, the most important driving factors are population economy, industry and agricultural science and technology.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.1;F301.2

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