富裕县土地生态安全评价

发布时间：2018-04-03 22:01

本文选题：富裕县　切入点：土地生态安全　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地提供了使人类得以生活的物质和能量基础,随着机械化迅猛发展和科技的进步,人类对土地的开发和利用程度愈演愈烈,经济得到增长的同时,土地生态环境受到严重威胁。造成了诸如水土流失、土地污染、土地荒漠化等生态问题。在这种情况下,土地生态安全评价成为了各国学者研究的热点。随着研究的日益深入,评价方法、评价模型一直在增加,但是土地生态安全评价是一个相对复杂的过程,目前有关土地生态安全的评价仍处于不断探索、完善的阶段,指标体系的建立与评价仍然是研究的一个难点,需要进一步的探索和研究。本文根据《齐齐哈尔社会经济统计年鉴》、《富裕县统计年鉴》、《富裕县土地利用总体规划》等数据,对其自然环境、社会经济环境、土地利用现状等问题展开了一系列的分析和研究,依照“P-S-R”模型构建了具有富裕县特色的指标体系,采用熵值法确定权重,选取综合指数法对2003-2012年时间序列内富裕县土地生态安全状况进行了评价,对评价结果进行了分析,并且提出了增强生态安全建设的详细措施。研究结果表明:近十年来,富裕县生态安全总体呈上升趋势且上升幅度很大,说明富裕县生态安全状况得到了很大的改善。其中2003年-2007年,生态安全值一直处于恶劣的状态,且这五年变化的幅度很小,是因为为了追求经济的发展,大量的使用了化肥、农药、地膜,建设用地扩张、水土流失治理力度小等;而2008年-2012年土地生态安全有了较为显著的改善,这离不开环保投资的加大、第一产业向第三产业的转型、农业机械现代化程度的提高,这些行为减轻了人类活动对土地的压力。最后提出了确保耕地面积,加强基本农田建设,优化产业结构,加大植树造林力度,防止土地退化,加强环境保护政策的宣传等利于富裕县可持续发展的建议。
[Abstract]:Land provides a material and energy basis for human life. With the rapid development of mechanization and the progress of science and technology, human exploitation and utilization of land is becoming more and more intense, while the economy is growing.The ecological environment of land is seriously threatened.Caused such ecological problems as soil erosion, land pollution, land desertification and so on.In this case, the evaluation of land ecological security has become a hot spot of research by scholars all over the world.With the deepening of the research, evaluation methods and evaluation models have been increasing, but the evaluation of land ecological security is a relatively complex process. At present, the evaluation of land ecological security is still in the stage of continuous exploration and improvement.The establishment and evaluation of the index system is still a difficult point in the research, and needs further exploration and research.Based on the data of Qiqihar Social and Economic Statistics Yearbook, Fuyu County Statistical Yearbook and Fuyu County Land use General Plan, this paper analyzes the natural environment, social and economic environment of Qiqihar County.The present situation of land use has been analyzed and studied. According to the "P-S-R" model, the index system with the characteristics of Fuyu County has been constructed, and the weight has been determined by entropy method.The comprehensive index method was selected to evaluate the land ecological security of Fuyu County in the time series of 2003-2012. The evaluation results were analyzed and the detailed measures to enhance the ecological security construction were put forward.The results show that the ecological security of Fuyu County has been on the rise in the past ten years, which indicates that the ecological security situation of Fuyu County has been greatly improved.From 2003 to 2007, the value of ecological security has been in a bad state, and the change in these five years is very small, because in order to pursue economic development, a large number of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, mulching, construction land expansion,The soil and water loss control is small, and the land ecological security has been improved significantly from 2008 to 2012, which can not be separated from the increase of environmental protection investment, the transformation of the primary industry to the tertiary industry, and the improvement of the degree of modernization of agricultural machinery.These actions reduce the pressure of human activity on the land.Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as ensuring cultivated land area, strengthening basic farmland construction, optimizing industrial structure, increasing afforestation, preventing land degradation, strengthening the propaganda of environmental protection policy, and so on, which are beneficial to the sustainable development of Fuyu County.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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