我国家庭农场发展模式与路径研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 17:25

本文选题：家庭农场　切入点：现代农业经营体系　出处：《吉林财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2013年中央一号文件首次正式规范的提出“家庭农场”概念。家庭农场具有深厚理论基础。马克思、恩格斯认为必须变革劳动过程的技术条件和社会条件,从而变革生产方式本身,以提高劳动力。刘易斯说明家庭农场比大规模耕作的农场具有优点在于农民比雇佣的农业工人勤劳、精细。速水佑次郎认为家庭成员中的劳动力无须监督就能尽力工作,是家庭农场具有显著的灵活性和活力的源泉。舒尔茨则认为传统农业必须进行改造才能成为经济发展的动力源泉。我国的家庭农场发展首先经历了农民土地所有制使得耕者有田耕,然后实行人民公社化发展模式,最后实行家庭分散经营、统分结合的家庭联产承包责任制。随着经济发展,农业经营方式的完善,2014年十八届三中全会坚持家庭经营在农业中的基础性地位。发展家庭农场符合生产力发展要求,符合世界现代化农业制度发展趋势,有利于农业集约化经营,可以获得规模经济和范围经营以及促进农民转型。现阶段,我国家庭农场已经形成了上海松江、湖北武汉、吉林延边、浙江宁波、安徽郎溪五大典型模式,但是在土地流转方面存在问题,同时科学技术水平低下、服务体系不健全,加之融资困难、经营管理能力差,制约我国家庭农场健康发展。我国家庭农场发展借鉴美国大农场发展模式,法国专业化农场发展经验,日本小型农场发展成果,摒弃我国农业发展中存在的一系列系统和非系统的问题,走出一条符合中国当代国情和农情的家庭农场适度规模经营的道路。从国内外的理论研究和实践经验中,探索中国家庭农场的发展路径。我国发展家庭农场生产经营方式,土地私有化不是发展家庭农场的必要条件,要走一条家庭农场为主,公司制农场和集体所有制农场结合发展的多元化道路。保留小农户生产,不否定家庭经营,这将是一条长期路线。在具体措施上,应该加强家庭农场配套服务机构,提高农业机械化、现代化、专业化水平,加强政府扶持力度和政策落实力度,在此基础上不断提高生产经营者素质,解决资金融资和保险困境,促进农业技术水平提高。
[Abstract]:The concept of "family farm" was first formally proposed in the first document of the Central Committee in 2013.Family farms have a deep theoretical foundation.Marx and Engels thought that it was necessary to change the technical and social conditions of labor process so as to change the mode of production itself in order to improve the labor force.Lewis showed that family farms had the advantage of being more industrious and sophisticated than large-scale farms.Yuichiro Suzuki believes that the labor force among family members can work hard without supervision and is a source of remarkable flexibility and vitality for family farms.Schultz believes that traditional agriculture must be transformed to become the source of economic development.The development of family farm in our country first experienced the farmer's land ownership to make the tiller have farmland, then carried out the development mode of people's commune, and finally carried out the family decentralized management and the household contract responsibility system of unified division and combination.With the development of economy and the improvement of agricultural management mode, the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2014 insisted on the basic position of family management in agriculture.The development of family farms meets the requirements of the development of productive forces and the development trend of the modern agricultural system in the world. It is beneficial to intensive management of agriculture, and can obtain economies of scale and scope management and promote the transformation of farmers.At the present stage, family farms in China have formed five typical models, namely, Shanghai Songjiang, Hubei Wuhan, Jilin Yanbian, Zhejiang Ningbo, Anhui Langxi, but there are problems in land circulation and low scientific and technological levels.The imperfect service system, the difficulty of financing and the poor management ability restrict the healthy development of family farms in China.The development of family farms in our country draws lessons from the development model of large farms in the United States, the development experience of specialized farms in France, the achievements of the development of small farms in Japan, and the rejection of a series of systemic and non-systematic problems existing in the development of agriculture in China.Go out a road that accords with Chinese contemporary national condition and farming condition family farm moderate scale management.From the theoretical research and practical experience at home and abroad, this paper explores the development path of Chinese family farm.Land privatization is not a necessary condition for the development of family farms in China. It is necessary to develop a family farm with the combination of corporate farm and collective ownership farm.Keep small farmer production, do not deny family management, this will be a long-term line.In terms of concrete measures, we should strengthen the supporting service institutions of family farms, improve the level of mechanization, modernization and specialization of agriculture, strengthen the government support and implement policies, and constantly improve the quality of production operators on this basis.To solve the financing and insurance dilemma, to promote the level of agricultural technology.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324.1

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