惠州市横沥镇水稻生产现状及问题分析

发布时间：2018-04-15 00:13

本文选题：横沥镇 + 水稻　；参考：《华南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：广东省是我国主要的水稻种植区之一,属于全国13个粮食主产省份之一。广东省自然资源丰富,丘陵山区面积较大,生态环境优良,光照充足,雨水丰富,适宜双季稻的种植,是我国稻米生产的主产区。其中惠州市独特的地理及气候优势,使该区域成为优势的农作物产出区。随着社会的飞速发展,农业面源污染现象开始突显,对水稻生产和人体健康以及该区域的农业发展和农民增收造成了威胁。同时丘陵山区农业生产水平还较低,地区之间差异较大,落后的机械化水平也制约了当地水稻的正常生产。本文通过调查研究等方法,分析了惠州市横沥镇水稻生产的现状。结果表明:1.近年来横沥镇水稻亩产和稻谷人均占有量开始下降,在2012~2013年分别下降了11.68%和15.74%,农业产值从2011~2015年下降了1.42%。2.政府提高了组织化管理程度,大力发展建设农田水利机械设施。2015年横沥镇的有效灌溉面积为47842亩,占惠州市四个城镇(横沥镇、马安镇、芦洲镇和汝湖镇)总有效灌溉面积的42.47%。3.农业机械总动力为12227KW,占四个城镇总农业机械总动力的22.05%。政府加大了对山区城镇购买机械设备的补贴,2015年横沥镇机械补贴达到40万元以上,占四大城镇总购机补贴的83.44%。4.而横沥镇因化肥的不合理使用导致农业面源污染现象比较严重,2015年农业化肥使用量达到3042吨,占四个城镇总农业化肥使用量的32.00%,严重制约了稻田的可持续利用期限和稻米的优质高产。5.同时横沥镇水稻生产还存在一些问题和不足:(1)农村劳动力短缺,水稻生产成本提高;(2)农田和农机基础设施不健全;(3)组织化程度较低,土地流转意识较差;(4)农机与农艺技术不配套;(5)政府对山区扶持力度还需加强。通过分析横沥镇水稻生产现状,指出其存在一些问题,同时借鉴发达国家治理农业面源污染和丘陵地区机械化发展的经验,从而为改善和促进水稻的生产提供保障,以期达到绿色生态农业发展需求,提高水稻机械化生产水平,加速横沥镇水稻的生产与发展。
[Abstract]:Guangdong province is one of the main rice planting area in China, belongs to one of the 13 major grain producing provinces. Guangdong province is rich in natural resources, in the hilly area of large area, excellent ecological environment, abundant rainfall, adequate light, suitable for rice cultivation, is the main producing areas of rice production in China. The city of Huizhou unique geographical and the climate in the region advantage, become the dominant crop output area. With the rapid development of society, the phenomenon of agricultural non-point source pollution began to highlight on rice production and human health as well as the regional agricultural development and farmers' income caused by the threat. At the same time the level of agricultural production in hilly mountainous areas is still relatively low, the differences between the level of mechanization. The backward also restricted the normal production of local rice. Through the investigation, analysis of the current situation of rice production in Hengli Town, Huizhou city. The results showed that: 1. the town in recent years Rice and rice yield per capita consumption began to decline, 11.68% and 15.74% respectively decreased in 2012~2013 years, agricultural production fell 1.42%.2. the government improve the organizational management level from 2011~2015, vigorously develop the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities mechanical.2015 Hengli Town, effective irrigation area of 47842 mu, accounting for four of Huizhou city (Hengli Town Town, Ma Lu, Zhou Zhen Ru and 42.47%.3.), the total power of agricultural machinery total effective irrigation area is 12227KW, accounting for four of total power of agricultural machinery total urban 22.05%. government increased the mechanical equipment purchase of mountain towns subsidies, 2015, Hengli Town machinery subsidies reached more than 400 thousand yuan, accounting for four of the total urban purchase subsidies 83.44%.4. Hengli Town due to unreasonable use of chemical fertilizer in agricultural non-point source pollution is more serious, the use of fertilizers in 2015 reached 3042 tons, accounting for four of total agricultural town Fertilizer use amount of 32%, seriously restrict the sustainable utilization of paddy rice high yield period and.5. at the same time, Hengli Town, rice production has some problems and shortcomings: (1) rural labor shortage, the cost of rice production increased; (2) farmland and agricultural infrastructure is not complete; (3) the lower the degree of organization the transfer of land, poor awareness; (4) agricultural machinery and agronomic technology is not complete; (5) government support on mountainous areas need to be strengthened. By analyzing the production status of Hengli Town, rice, points out the existing problems, and drawing on the experience of governance in developed countries the development of mechanization of agricultural non-point source pollution and hilly areas of experience, so as to provide protection to improve and promote the rice production, in order to achieve the green ecological agriculture development needs, improve the level of mechanization of rice production, accelerate the production and development of Hengli Town of rice.

【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.11

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