秦巴山区退耕还林经济效益内隐原因实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 04:08

本文选题：秦巴山区 + 退耕还林　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：退耕还林工程是我国为防止水土流失、土地荒漠化等生态环境恶化问题而采取的一项重大工程,对恢复我国生态环境建设具有重要意义。秦巴山区作为全国退耕还林工程的典型示范区域之一,其退耕还林成果关系着国家整个退耕还林工程取得的效益情况。该区也是我国14个集中连片的贫困区中最大的一块,其脱贫致富的突破口就在于退耕还林。随着新一轮退耕还林政策的实施,对于如何处理好秦巴山区生态效益与经济效益二者之间的关系,实现生态效益与经济效益双赢,彻底改善该地区贫困落后的现状变得尤为重要。通过问卷调查、实地查看、农户访谈、专家咨询等方法定性分析发现秦巴山区退耕还林工程中生态效益外显,生态建设的目标已经基本实现,但生态效益与经济效益二者之间发展不平衡,秦巴山区退耕还林工程中存在着经济效益内隐的状况。即退耕还林引起的粮食增产效果不明显、退耕户所退耕地未实现收入替代、退耕户生活保障及养老问题没有得到永久解决。通过对秦巴山区退耕还林工程实施后农户经济收入变化情况、后续产业发展情况、退耕还林区土地结构变化情况、农户对新一轮退耕还林政策的认知情况与参与意识、该工程对社会经济发展影响等方面的调查,初步了解到造成这种现状的主要原因:即经济外部性决定了生态建设的成本难于实现自行替代;秦巴山区的自然基础条件难以实现退耕收入替代;缺乏科技支撑和先进的技术指导;退耕户生态环保责任意识仍然较低;后续产业结构单一且发展滞后等。根据原因总结归纳出改善秦巴山区退耕还林经济效益内隐状况的对策建议:一是建立和健全多层次的经济补偿制度;二是生态移民与教育移民及城镇化减轻秦巴山区环境承载压力;三是加大科技支撑和技术指导力度;四是提高退耕农户生态保护责任意识;五是发展优势特色产业。
[Abstract]:The project of returning cropland to forest is an important project adopted by our country to prevent soil and water loss, land desertification and other problems of ecological environment deterioration, which is of great significance to the restoration of ecological environment construction in China.The Qinba Mountain area is one of the typical demonstration areas of the project of returning cropland to forest, and the result of returning cropland to forest is related to the benefit of the whole project of returning cropland to forest.It is also the largest of the 14 poverty-stricken areas in China, whose breakthrough point lies in returning cropland to forest.With the implementation of the new policy of returning cropland to forest, how to deal with the relationship between ecological benefit and economic benefit in Qinling-Bashan area, and realize the win-win situation between ecological benefit and economic benefit,It is particularly important to thoroughly improve the poverty and backwardness of the region.Through the qualitative analysis of questionnaire, field inspection, peasant household interview and expert consultation, it is found that the ecological benefits of the project of returning farmland to forest in Qinling-Bashan region are obvious, and the goal of ecological construction has been basically realized.However, the development of ecological benefit and economic benefit is not balanced, and there is an implicit situation of economic benefit in the project of returning cropland to forest in Qinba Mountain area.That is to say, the effect of increasing grain production caused by returning farmland to forest is not obvious, the income of returned farmland has not been replaced, and the problems of living guarantee and pension of returning families have not been solved permanently.Through the changes of farmers' economic income, the development of subsequent industries, the changes of land structure in the areas of returning farmland to forests, the cognition and participation consciousness of farmers on the new round of policy of returning cropland to forests after the implementation of the project of returning cropland to forests in Qinling-Bashan area.The investigation on the impact of the project on social and economic development shows that the main reasons for this situation are as follows: economic externality determines the cost of ecological construction is difficult to be replaced by itself;The natural basic condition of Qinba Mountain area is difficult to replace the income of returning farmland; lack of scientific and technological support and advanced technical guidance; the ecological environmental protection responsibility consciousness of returning farmers is still low; the follow-up industrial structure is single and the development lags behind and so on.According to the reasons, the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the economic benefits of returning farmland to forest in Qinling-Bashan region are summarized: first, to establish and perfect the multi-level economic compensation system;The second is ecological migration, educational migration and urbanization to reduce the environmental pressure of Qinba Mountain region; third, to increase the support of science and technology and technical guidance; fourth, to improve the awareness of ecological protection responsibility of farmers returning farmland; fifthly, to develop advantage and characteristic industries.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.2

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