高昌区土地利用变化对地下水埋深的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 13:37

本文选题：土地利用 + 地下水埋深　；参考：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下水资源是我国西部极端干旱-半干旱区人类赖以生存的最关键生态环境因子,在维系干旱区人类生存、活动与发展等各个方面具有十分重要作用。近几年来,随着人口的迅速增长、社会经济的快速发展、不适当的土地开发利用,地表水资源供需的不稳定性,绿洲地下水资源承载压力日益增加,土地和地下水资源之间的矛盾将日益突出,这是人类长期不适当的开发利用土地资源而忽视绿洲绿洲土地资源与地下水资源相协调发展的结果。特别是随着干旱区社会经济的快速发展,对土地利用的需求量急剧增加,使得干旱区土地利用变化的趋势呈急剧增加的趋势,由此导致了地下水埋深的急剧下降。本研究试图从土地利用角度探讨地下水埋深下降的原因,定性和定量分析土地利用变化与地下水埋深之间的相互影响过程,以期未来能够合理进行土地资源开发和地下水资源利用。本研究以新疆吐鲁番市高昌区为例,以2006年,2010年和2015年的遥感解译结果与在此研究阶段的地下水埋深数据作为基础数据,首先对高昌区绿洲2006-2015年各土地利用类型的变化幅度、动态度和转移特征进行分析,然后通过半变异函数模型,克里金插值拟合高昌区2006年、2010年和2015年各地下水埋深时空变异特征,应用叠加分析和相关性分析土地利用类型与地下水埋深之间的关系。论文的结论包括:(1)根据研究区的实际情况将土地利用类型划分为耕地、林地、草地、水体、建设用地和未利用地等六种类型。在RS和GIS软件支持下,利用监督分类法,对高昌区绿洲2006、2010和2015年遥感影像图进行分类,得到高昌区绿洲3期的土地利用/覆被数据,并通过精度检验。(2)2006-2015年,高昌区土地利用类型发生明显变化,在10年时间内这六种土地利用类型在时空尺度上发生明显变化,高昌区绿洲呈不断扩张趋势,增加面积为246.53km~2。对土地利用动态度分析的结果表明,在2006-2015年,未利用地和水体呈负动态变化,但两者的动态变化速度不同,其中,未利用地在整个研究阶段呈缓慢减少趋势,而水体呈特别缓慢减少趋势;耕地呈缓慢增加趋势;林地和建设用地呈比较缓慢增加趋势。转移矩阵的分析结果显示,未利用地和水体转化为其他土地利用类型的总面积为246.53km~2,与此同时,其他土地利用类型的退化面积仅45.00km~2,转出数量相当于转入数量的5.5倍。(3)从动态变化特征来看,地下水埋深年内动态特征具有开采性动态特征,最低埋深出现在7~8月份,最高埋深出现在次年的1~3月份,而年际动态特征具有继续下降趋势,年平均下降速率为0.38m/a。地统计结果表明,2006年和2015年球状模型所预测的指标空间分布上具有中等强的空间相关性和空间差异性,从此可见,导致地下水埋深的驱动因素除了自然环境因素之外,还受到人类生产活动的影响。(4)从土地利用变化与地下水埋深的关系来看,高昌区草地、耕地、建设用地、林地等四种土地利用类型面积的不断扩大,水体面积的不断缩小,未利用地的不断转化为其他土地利用类型是导致高昌区地下水继续下降的主要土地类型因素。
[Abstract]:The groundwater resource is the key factor of ecological environment in Western China in extreme arid and semi-arid areas of human survival, in the maintenance of arid areas are very important to human survival, activity and development and other aspects. In recent years, with the rapid growth of population, the rapid development of social economy, land development and utilization is not appropriate, the surface water resources supply and demand instability, groundwater bearing pressure increasing, the contradiction between land and water resources will become increasingly prominent, it is not appropriate for long-term human development and utilization of land resources and ignore the oasis land resources and groundwater resources coordinated development. Especially with the rapid development of social economy in arid areas, on land use demand increases sharply, the trend of land use change in arid area is sharply increasing, which leads to the underground water buried depth The sharp decline. This study attempts to explore the causes of land use from the perspective of the decline of groundwater level, qualitative and quantitative analysis of land use change and groundwater interaction between buried deep process in the future to the reasonable land resources development and utilization of groundwater resources. In this study, Gao Xinjiang District of Turpan City as an example, in 2006. 2010 and 2015 remote sensing interpretation results and this research stage of the groundwater depth data as the basic data, the first 2006-2015 years of Gaochang oasis the change range of land use types, dynamic degree and transfer characteristics were analyzed, and then through the semi variogram, Kriging interpolation in 2006 2010 and 2015 around the Gaochang area, groundwater deep temporal and spatial variability, using superposition analysis and correlation analysis of types of land use and groundwater. The node on the package Including: (1) according to the actual situation of the study area land use types are divided into farmland, woodland, grassland, water, construction land and unused land six types. In the RS and GIS software, using the supervised classification method, the classification of the oasis in 20062010 and 2015 remote sensing images, get the Oasis 3 Land Use / cover data, and the accuracy test. (2) 2006-2015 years, significant changes in land use types in Gaochang area, within 10 years of the six types of land use change in temporal and spatial scales, Gaochang oasis was constantly expanding, increasing area is 246.53km~2. the land use dynamic analysis results show that in 2006-2015 years, unused land and water had a negative dynamic change, but the dynamic changes of speed difference, the unused land in the study period was slowly decreased, and the water is The special slow decreasing trend; cultivated land was a slowly increasing trend; construction land and forest land was relatively slow increasing trend. The analysis results show the transfer matrix, unused land and water into other land use types for the total area of 246.53km~2, at the same time, other land degradation area of only 45.00km~2, transferred amount equivalent to 5.5 the number of times to. (3) from the dynamic characteristics, dynamic characteristics of deep groundwater exploitation years has dynamic characteristics, the minimum depth is 7~8 months, the highest depth in the next 1~3 months, and the annual dynamic characteristics has continued to decline, the average annual decline rate of statistical results showed that 0.38m/a. the spatial distribution of indicators in 2006 and 2015, the spherical model on the prediction of difference, spatial correlation and spatial medium strong from the visible, resulting in groundwater for driving In addition to the natural environment factors, but also affected by human activities. (4) the relationship between land use change and the groundwater depth, Gaochang District grassland, arable land, construction land, woodland and other four kinds of land use types area expanding water area shrinking, not by continuous transformation for other types of land use is the main land types of groundwater Gaochang continue to decline.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

【参考文献】