新疆少数民族农民工的城市适应性研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 19:50

本文选题：城市适应性 + 农民工　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：农村劳动力的大规模转移带来的最大也是最紧迫的社会问题就是农民工在城市的适应问题。农民工作为我国工业化和城市化进程中的特殊现象,是我国城乡二元分割的社会经济体制的必然产物。由于户籍制度等的限制,农民工是既嵌入城市结构又游离于城市社会主流群体之外,被视为城市社会的弱势人群和边缘群体,处于“不适应”或“半适应”的状态。尽管学界对于农民工的问题进行了诸多探索,但是关于农民工,尤其是西部地区少数民族农民工的城市适应问题的研究还不多见,有的研究也多是进行定性和理论分析,实证研究尚不充分、深入、全面,适应指标的构建及测量不够成熟、规范,研究结论之间缺乏可比性等。本文利用2013年新疆进城少数民族农民工的问卷调查数据,基于“现状及问题——影响因素——对策建议”的逻辑链条从理论和实证角度考察了少数民族农民工城市适应的3个关键问题：(1)少数民族农民工城市适应的状况如何?(2)少数民族农民工城市适应的影响因素有哪些?(3)少数民族农民工城市适应的各维度之间存在怎样的内部关系?主要研究的内容和分析结论如下：第一,少数民族农民工城市适应的测量与现状。本部分的主要内容是构建少数民族农民工城市适应的指标体系,运用因子分析和主成份分析法,将少数民族农民工的城市适应分为经济适应、社会适应、文化适应和心理适应四个维度,并对城市适应总体水平以及各维度的适应状况进行了描述性统计分析。结果表明,少数民族农民工的城市适应状况偏低,各维度的适应程度表现出较大的差异,文化适应水平最高,其次是经济适应和社会适应,心理适应的水平最低；少数民族农民工不同群体的城市适应表现出较大的差异。第二,少数民族农民工城市适应的影响因素分析。本部分主要内容是探索人口特征变量、人力资本、社会资本以及制度等对少数民族农民工城市适应的影响。研究发现,教育水平越高少数民族农民工的城市适应水平越高,汉语水平越高城市适应水平越高；网络规模越大,城市适应水平越高。网络结构越复杂,城市适应水平越高：少数民族农民工对政府工作的满意度越高,城市适应水平越高；参加社会保险的比例越高,城市适应水平越低；少数民族农民工所受到的不公平待遇对其城市适应的影响不显著。第三,城市适应各维度之间的内部关系分析。研究表明,少数民族农民工城市适应各维度的内部结构关系是复杂的。首先,文化适应、经济适应和社会适应的水平越高,心理适应水平越高。其次,文化适应和社会适应通过经济适应对心理适应产生显著影响。最后,文化适应问题是少数民族农民工进入城市后首先面对的。
[Abstract]:The biggest and most urgent social problem brought by the large-scale transfer of rural labor force is the adaptation of migrant workers in cities. As a special phenomenon in the process of industrialization and urbanization, migrant workers are the inevitable outcome of the social and economic system of dual division of urban and rural areas in China. Because of the limitation of the household registration system, migrant workers are not only embedded in the urban structure but also outside the mainstream of urban society. They are regarded as the vulnerable and marginal groups in the urban society, and they are in the state of "not adapting" or "semi-adapting". Although the academic circles have made many explorations on the problems of migrant workers, but the research on the urban adaptation of migrant workers, especially the minority migrant workers in the western region, is still rare, and some studies are mostly qualitative and theoretical analysis. The empirical research is not enough, thorough, comprehensive, the construction and measurement of adaptive index is not mature, standard, lack of comparability between the conclusions. Based on the survey data of minority migrant workers in Xinjiang in 2013, Based on the logic chain of "current situation and problem-influencing factors-countermeasures and suggestions", this paper investigates the situation of urban adaptation of minority migrant workers from the angle of theory and practice. What are the factors affecting the urban adaptation of minority migrant workers? what are the internal relationships between the dimensions of urban adaptation of minority migrant workers? The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: first, the measurement and status of urban adaptation of minority migrant workers. The main content of this part is to construct the index system of urban adaptation of minority migrant workers. By using factor analysis and principal component analysis, the urban adaptation of minority migrant workers is divided into economic adaptation and social adaptation. The four dimensions of cultural adaptation and psychological adaptation were analyzed, and the overall level of urban adaptation and the adaptation of each dimension were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results show that the urban adaptation of minority migrant workers is low, the adaptation degree of each dimension is different, the level of cultural adaptation is the highest, the next is economic adaptation and social adaptation, and the level of psychological adaptation is the lowest. The urban adaptation of different groups of minority migrant workers shows great difference. Second, the analysis of the influencing factors of the urban adaptation of minority migrant workers. The main content of this part is to explore the impact of population characteristic variables, human capital, social capital and system on the urban adaptation of minority migrant workers. The study found that the higher the education level, the higher the urban adaptation level of the minority migrant workers, the higher the Chinese level, the higher the urban adaptation level; the larger the scale of the network, the higher the urban adaptation level. The more complex the network structure, the higher the level of urban adaptation: the higher the satisfaction of minority migrant workers to government work, the higher the level of urban adaptation, the higher the proportion of participation in social insurance, the lower the level of urban adaptation; The unfair treatment of minority migrant workers has no significant effect on their urban adaptation. Third, the analysis of the internal relationship between the different dimensions of urban adaptation. The study shows that the internal structural relationship of the minority migrant workers adapting to each dimension is complex. First, the higher the level of cultural, economic and social adaptation, the higher the level of psychological adaptation. Secondly, cultural adaptation and social adaptation have a significant impact on psychological adaptation through economic adaptation. Finally, the problem of cultural adaptation is the first after minority migrant workers enter the city.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6

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