美国农业资源和环境保护项目运行机制及对我国的借鉴

发布时间：2018-04-25 04:30

本文选题：美国农业 + 资源环境保护　；参考：《农业现代化研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：借鉴美国农业资源和环境保护政策,有助于加强我国农业环境突出问题治理,促进农业可持续发展,加强生态文明建设。应用阅读法和归纳法对美国农业资源和环境保护项目的项目设置、资金分配、项目挑选、补贴标准等运行机制进行了归纳和分析,重点是对保护储备项目、环境质量改进项目和保护强化项目的操作机制进行了分析。美国农业资源和环境保护项目包括休耕类、农用地保护类、农用地开发权限制类、技术援助类等4大类。每个项目都建立了定量化的指标体系,涉及资源数量、资源质量、成本和绩效等因素,供联邦政府分配资金、各州筛选具体项目以及确定补贴标准时使用。项目通过地租补贴、成本分摊、建立激励机制等3个方面,给予项目实施主体经济激励,从而调动农场主采用环境友好型生产行为的积极性。我国应借鉴美国经验,形成"法规—工程—项目"上下贯通的政策体系,提高政策的指向性;建立农业资源和环境动态监测体系和已实施项目的数据库,提高政策的精准性;发布农业补贴和项目指南,强化第三方评估,提高政策的透明性;经济激励与技术服务相结合,帮助农户实施资源环境保护项目,提高政策的操作性。
[Abstract]:Drawing on the agricultural resources and environmental protection policies of the United States, it is helpful to strengthen the management of outstanding agricultural environment problems, promote the sustainable development of agriculture and strengthen the construction of ecological civilization in China. This paper summarizes and analyzes the project setup, fund allocation, project selection, subsidy criteria and other operating mechanisms of American agricultural resources and environmental protection projects by using the reading method and induction method, with emphasis on the conservation and reserve projects. The operation mechanism of environmental quality improvement project and protection strengthening project are analyzed. American agricultural resources and environmental protection projects include fallow, agricultural land protection, agricultural land development rights and technical assistance. Each project has a quantitative indicator system involving the quantity, quality, cost, and performance of resources for federal allocation, state selection of specific projects, and determination of subsidy criteria. Through the three aspects of land rent subsidy, cost sharing and setting up incentive mechanism, the project gives economic incentive to the main body of project implementation, thus arousing farmers' enthusiasm to adopt environment-friendly production behavior. Our country should draw lessons from American experience, form the policy system of "regulation-engineering-project", improve the directionality of policy, establish the dynamic monitoring system of agricultural resources and environment and database of implemented projects, and improve the precision of policy. Agricultural subsidies and project guidelines should be issued, third party evaluation should be strengthened, transparency of policies should be enhanced, and economic incentives should be combined with technical services to help farmers implement resource and environmental protection projects and improve the operability of policies.
【作者单位】：农业部规划设计研究院;农业部管理干部学院;
【基金】：农业部软科学课题(201522)~~
【分类号】：F371.2

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