中国农村多维贫困测量研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 15:54

本文选题：多维贫困 + 贫困农户　；参考：《中南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：贫困是当今人类社会发展面临的重要问题,其有着深刻复杂的社会、经济内涵。由于长期历史遗留以及市场和自然风险的双重威胁,中国农村贫困状况严重。扶贫工作虽然已经取得了巨大成就,但在新常态形势下,仍然面临巨大压力。随着经济的发展、社会进步和人类文明水平的提高,贫困的内涵和界定贫困的标准发生相应的变化,贫困不仅仅是收入的缺乏,它是一种对人类基本发展能力的剥夺,表现在人们拥有较长寿命、拥有知识、尊严和体面生活等多方面权利的丧失。贫困问题的考察和分析,已从收入、消费等单一视角走向多维视角。多维贫困测量方法为贫困识别提供新的视角,使人们对贫困的认识更加全面,提高了贫困人口的瞄准率,以便于提供更好的分类救助措施,提高扶贫政策的有效性。因此,本文开展了两个研究主题:第一,多维贫困状况测量及脱贫政策建议;第二,多维贫困测量效果评估。本文基于阿玛蒂亚森的能力贫困理论,沿用《人类发展报告》多维贫困测量框架,结合中国实际,从健康、教育、生活水平三个维度选取了身体健康、医疗保险、成人教育、儿童教育、住房条件、生活用电、饮水安全、卫生设施、做饭燃料、耐用品消费等10个指标,利用中国家庭动态跟踪调查(简称CFPS)2014年数据,运用AF法对我国农村多维贫困状况进行测量。其次,本文将多维贫困测量结果与实际扶贫工作中的收入贫困标准的测量结果进行比较分析,验证多维贫困测量效果的精准度,并将收入维度纳入多维贫困框架进一步验证多维贫困测量方法的有效性。经过实证分析,本文得出的主要结论有:1.我国农村多维贫困发生率较高,多维贫困情况复杂,单纯以收入判定贫困会低估中国农村的贫困程度。从多维贫困的地区分布看,除了西部地区贫困问题要持续进行关注外,东部地区的多维贫困状况也要得到重视。2.农村成人教育及生活环境的改善应该是扶贫政策未来的重点,应该与当前我国的实施扶贫项目和美丽乡村建设联系起来。3.多维贫困测量方法优于收入测量法。收入贫困与多维贫困的测算结果的重合度为57.21%,一方面表现收入在贫困测量时的关键和基础作用,另一方面意味着收入测量法会遗漏42.79%的多维贫困户。4.将收入维度纳入多维贫困框架可以进一步提高多维贫困测算的精准率。纳入收入维度的多维贫困测量方法与单维收入测量的拟合度提升了17.79%,从非收入贫困的群体中识别更多的多维贫困户。为推动多维贫困测量方法的落实,本文对以下两方面进行进一步讨论:1.构建符合我国国情的综合贫困评价指数;2.构建贫困预防机制。
[Abstract]:Poverty is an important problem facing the development of human society today. It has a profound complex society and economic connotation. Because of the long-term history and the dual threat of market and natural risk, the poverty situation in China's rural areas is serious. Although the poverty alleviation work has made great achievements, it still faces great pressure under the new normal situation. The development of economy, social progress and the improvement of the level of human civilization, the connotation of poverty and the standard of defining poverty have changed correspondingly. Poverty is not only a lack of income, it is a deprivation of the basic human development ability, which is manifested in the loss of many rights, such as long life, knowledge, dignity and decent life. The investigation and analysis of the poverty problem has gone from a single perspective of income and consumption to a multi-dimensional perspective. The multidimensional poverty measurement method provides a new perspective for poverty recognition, makes people more comprehensive in understanding poverty, improves the targeting rate of the poor, and facilitates the provision of better classification assistance measures, so as to improve the effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation Policies. This article has carried out two research topics: first, Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and poverty reduction policy recommendations; second, multidimensional poverty measurement effect evaluation. Based on amartyson's theory of poverty, the paper adopts the human development report, multidimensional poverty measurement framework, and combines Chinese reality to select the body from three dimensions of health, education and living standards. Physical health, medical insurance, adult education, children's education, housing conditions, living electricity, drinking water safety, health facilities, cooking fuel, and durable goods consumption are 10 indicators. Using the data of Chinese family dynamic tracking survey (CFPS) in 2014, this paper uses AF method to measure the multi-dimensional poverty situation in rural villages of our country. Secondly, this paper will measure multidimensional poverty measurement. The results are compared with the measurement results of the income poverty standards in the actual poverty alleviation work, and the accuracy of the multidimensional poverty measurement results is verified, and the income dimension is incorporated into the Multidimensional Poverty framework to further verify the effectiveness of Multidimensional Poverty Measurement methods. After empirical analysis, the main conclusions are as follows: 1. the Multidimensional Poverty in China's rural areas is a multidimensional poverty. The occurrence rate is high, the Multidimensional Poverty is complex, the poverty in the rural areas is underestimated by the simple income determination poverty. In view of the multidimensional poverty area distribution, in addition to the continuous attention of the poverty in the western region, the multi-dimensional poverty in the eastern region should also be paid attention to the improvement of the rural adult education and the living environment in the.2. rural areas. The future focus of poverty alleviation policy should be related to the current implementation of poverty alleviation projects and the construction of beautiful countryside in China. The.3. multidimensional poverty measurement method is superior to the income measurement method. The coincidence degree of the results of income poverty and multidimensional poverty is 57.21%, on the one hand, the key and basic role of income in the measurement of poverty, on the other hand, means The inclusion of income dimensions into multidimensional poverty framework can further improve the accuracy of Multidimensional Poverty Measurement with the income measure missing 42.79% of the multidimensional poor households.4.. The multidimensional poverty measurement method incorporated into the income dimension and the single dimension income measurement have increased by 17.79%, and more multidimensional poor households are identified from the non income poor groups. In order to promote the implementation of multi-dimensional poverty measurement methods, the following two aspects are further discussed in this paper: 1. to build a comprehensive poverty evaluation index in line with the national conditions of our country; and 2. to build a poverty prevention mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

【参考文献】