河南省返乡农民工就业问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 23:16

本文选题：返乡农民工 + 返乡农民工就业　；参考：《信阳师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：劳动力就业是民生之本,是关系经济发展、社会稳定、构建社会主义和谐社会的重中之重。目前,农民工群体是我国劳动力的重要组成部分,也是社会经济发展的主要推力。随着经济发展步入新常态,产业结构优化升级,创新要素成为发展核心竞争力。此背景下,以劳动力为主要生产要素的大量企业和厂家也逐渐转变观念,利用数据化、互联网、信息化模式为主导,继而减少对农民工劳动力的需求。据此,部分农民工面临失业困境,在城乡二元结构尚未完全破解的情况下,农民工失业等于失去在城市中的生存依靠,权衡之下另谋出路的首选是返乡。更为重要的是,立足国情,城镇暂时没有能力为广大农民工提供足够的、体面的就业岗位与薪酬,这与制度无关,与经济发展水平有关。现阶段,大量进城农民工中仅有部分群体可以在自身这一代实现落户城镇,更多的人群注定要回归乡村。河南省近年来的相关统计数据显示,返乡农民工数量正在逐年增加,各级政府也相继出台针对性政策来保障返乡农民工的生存与发展。然而,考虑到返乡农民工群体间个体差异性,如何合理安置返乡农民工,并为返乡农民工提供合适的就业岗位,事关河南省经济社会长远发展。解决返乡农民工就业问题是长期、复杂、艰巨的任务。本研究立足于河南省农民工返乡的现实,以返乡农民工就业为研究主体,主要根据前期的问卷和实地调查数据,并总结已有的研究和结论,分析河南省返乡农民工的基本特征和就业特征,再进一步分析其就业存在的具体问题,最后对拓展返乡农民工的就业空间提出对策建议。具体而言,首先根据相关统计数据,介绍河南省返乡农民工现状,并重点从“三力”,即城市推力、农村拉力与农民工能力三个角度来分析其返乡动因,归纳返乡农民工的社会特征、经济特征和人口特征;其次,根据对河南省黄淮四市的问卷和实地调查数据,对返乡农民工的就业情况进行交互分析,从而得出有益结论,再重点分析其中凸显的就业选择局限、个体素质能力欠缺与公共就业服务缺位三大就业障碍;最后,针对已有障碍,提出合理定位区域产业、增强政府服务意识、建立健全农民工教育培训系统、完善就业服务体系等建议,力求缓解河南省返乡农民工就业问题。
[Abstract]:The employment of labor force is the foundation of people's livelihood and the most important part of the economic development, social stability and the construction of a harmonious socialist society. At present, migrant workers are an important part of China's labor force, and also the main thrust of social and economic development. With the economic development into the new normal, industrial structure optimization and upgrading, innovative elements become the core competitiveness of development. Under this background, a large number of enterprises and manufacturers with labor force as the main production factor also gradually change their ideas, use data, Internet, information mode as the leading mode, and then reduce the demand for migrant workers labor force. According to this, some migrant workers are facing the plight of unemployment. Under the situation that the dual structure of urban and rural areas has not been completely solved, the unemployment of migrant workers is tantamount to losing their survival in the city, and the first choice to find another way out under the balance is to return home. More importantly, based on the national conditions, cities and towns do not have the ability to provide migrant workers with adequate, decent jobs and salaries for the time being, which has nothing to do with the system, but also with the level of economic development. At present, a large number of migrant workers in the city can only a part of their own generation to set up a town, more people are destined to return to the countryside. The relevant statistics of Henan Province in recent years show that the number of migrant workers returning home is increasing year by year, and governments at all levels have also issued targeted policies to ensure the survival and development of migrant workers returning home. However, considering the individual difference among the groups of migrant workers returning home, how to reasonably resettle them and provide them with suitable employment posts is of great importance to the long-term economic and social development of Henan Province. Solving the employment problem of migrant workers returning home is a long-term, complex and arduous task. This study is based on the reality of migrant workers returning home in Henan Province, taking the employment of migrant workers returning home as the main body of study, mainly based on the previous questionnaire and field survey data, and summarizes the existing research and conclusions. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics and employment characteristics of migrant workers returning to their hometowns in Henan Province, further analyzes the specific problems existing in their employment, and finally puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to expand the employment space of migrant workers returning to their hometowns. Specifically, first of all, according to the relevant statistical data, this paper introduces the status quo of migrant workers returning to their hometown in Henan Province, and analyzes the motivation of returning from the three aspects of "three forces", namely, urban thrust, rural pull and peasant workers' ability. The social, economic and demographic characteristics of migrant workers returning home are summarized. Secondly, according to the questionnaire and field survey data of the four cities of Huanghuai, Henan Province, the employment situation of migrant workers returning home is analyzed interactively, and the useful conclusions are drawn. Finally, aiming at the existing obstacles, the author puts forward the following three major obstacles: the limitation of employment choice, the lack of individual quality and ability, and the absence of public employment service. Finally, aiming at the existing obstacles, the author puts forward a reasonable orientation of regional industry and strengthens the government service consciousness. Some suggestions such as establishing and perfecting the education and training system of migrant workers and perfecting the employment service system are proposed in order to alleviate the employment problems of migrant workers returning to their hometown in Henan Province.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.27

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