吉林西部土地利用变化碳足迹时空模拟

发布时间：2018-05-07 08:34

本文选题：碳足迹 + 吉林西部　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地利用变化作为全球性气温持续升高的一个重要影响因素，不仅对植被碳库和土壤表层碳库有着显著影响，甚至可以激发土壤深层惰性碳库的损失，土地利用行为已成为除了化石能源燃烧排放以外的第二大温室气体排放源。相对于以往研究中多使用的碳排放概念，碳足迹研究更能形象和直观的反映出人类活动对环境造成的影响和压力程度。本研究基于3S技术，在土地利用/覆被变化研究的基础上，借鉴《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》计算方法，通过构建区域碳足迹估算模型，开展区域土地利用变化的碳足迹分析，揭示区域碳收支状况及其时空变化的特征和规律，为基于低碳和碳减排的土地利用结构优化提供科学依据。通过对Landsat TM卫星遥感影像的解译，获取了1989~2008年的研究区土地利用/覆盖变化的信息，，应用空间叠加分析功能获取土地利用变化转移矩阵，分析各地类间相互转化状况。结果显示，农田、林地、聚居地和盐碱地面积总体呈增加趋势，而草地、水体、湿地、滩地和沙地面积总体呈减少趋势。近20年间研究区土地利用结构发生了较大变化，主要体现在：旱田转化为林地和草地；草地转为旱田；高覆盖草地和湿地退化为中低覆盖草地或开发为旱田等。借鉴《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》中的分类和方法，提出土地利用变化碳足迹的综合核算模型，包括植被碳足迹、土地利用类型保持不变和发生转变的土壤碳足迹。农田和草地保持类型不变时，其土壤有机碳储量分别增加和减少，这与草地不断退化有关；转化为农田、林地和水体的地类土壤有机碳储量增加，转化为草地、盐碱地和沙地的地类则表现为土壤有机碳储量减少。土地利用变化碳足迹在1989~2008年间呈逐年递减的趋势，研究区陆地生态系统整体表现为碳汇。植被碳库具有较强的碳汇功能，但土壤碳库在土地利用类型发生变化时整体表现为碳源。吉林西部土地利用变化碳足迹空间分布差异较大，碳足迹较高的地区主要集中分布在研究区中部、西南部及扶余县的部分地区，而碳足迹较小的地区主要分布在研究区西北部、前郭县的西部、湿地自然保护区以及大安市中部等地区。土地利用变化碳足迹中最大的和最小的县市分别为扶余县和前郭县。林地面积的减少、草地的退化、水域的萎缩、盐碱地和沙地面积的增加都将会导致碳足迹增加，碳汇减少。针对研究区土地利用变化碳足迹的特点，应加强对农业生产的管理和监督，改变传统耕作方式，改变现有畜牧养殖管理方式，实施生态恢复与治理工程，不断优化土地利用结构，减少碳排放，增加碳汇。本文的研究结果可为区域土地利用碳减排政策的制定提供理论基础和科学依据。
[Abstract]:Land use change (LUCF), as an important influence factor of global warming, not only has a significant impact on vegetation carbon pool and soil surface carbon pool, but also can stimulate the loss of deep soil inert carbon pool. Land use behavior has become the second largest greenhouse gas emission source besides fossil energy combustion. Compared with the concept of carbon emissions used in previous studies, carbon footprint study can reflect the impact of human activities on the environment and the degree of stress more vividly and intuitively. Based on 3s technology, based on the land use / cover change research, and using the IPCC National greenhouse Gas inventory guidelines for 2006 as a reference, a regional carbon footprint estimation model was constructed. The carbon footprint analysis of regional land use change is carried out to reveal the status of regional carbon budget and budget and the characteristics and laws of temporal and spatial changes, which provides a scientific basis for the optimization of land use structure based on low carbon and carbon emission reduction. Through the interpretation of Landsat TM satellite remote sensing image, the information of land use / cover change in the study area from 1989 to 2008 was obtained, and the land use change transfer matrix was obtained by using spatial superposition analysis function, and the status of mutual transformation among different classes was analyzed. The results showed that the area of farmland, woodland, settlement and saline-alkali land was increasing, while the area of grassland, water body, wetland, beach and sandy land was decreasing. In recent 20 years, great changes have taken place in the structure of land use in the study area, which are mainly reflected in the transformation of dryland into woodland and grassland, the conversion of grassland into dryland, the degradation of high-covered grassland and wetland into low-covered grassland or dryland development, and so on. Based on the classification and method in the 2006 IPCC National greenhouse Gas inventory guidelines, a comprehensive accounting model of the carbon footprint of land use change (LUCF) is proposed, including the carbon footprint of vegetation, the soil carbon footprint in which the land use types remain unchanged and change. When the types of farmland and grassland remain unchanged, the soil organic carbon reserves increase and decrease respectively, which is related to the continuous degradation of grassland. On the other hand, soil organic carbon reserves decreased in saline and sandy land. The carbon footprint of land use change decreased year by year from 1989 to 2008, and the whole terrestrial ecosystem in the study area was shown as carbon sink. The vegetation carbon pool has strong carbon sink function, but the soil carbon pool is the carbon source when the land use type changes. The spatial distribution of carbon footprint of land use change in western Jilin is quite different. The areas with high carbon footprint are mainly distributed in the central, southwest and parts of Fuyu County, while the areas with small carbon footprint are mainly distributed in the northwest of the study area. The west of Qianguo County, Wetland Nature Reserve and the central area of Da'an City. The largest and smallest counties and cities in the carbon footprint of land use change are Fuyu County and Qianguo County, respectively. The decrease of forestland area, the degradation of grassland, the shrinking of water area, the increase of saline-alkali land and sandy land area will result in the increase of carbon footprint and carbon sink. In view of the characteristics of carbon footprint of land use change in the study area, it is necessary to strengthen the management and supervision of agricultural production, change the traditional farming methods, change the existing animal husbandry management methods, and implement ecological restoration and management projects. We will continue to optimize the land use structure, reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon sinks. The results of this paper can provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the formulation of regional land use carbon emission reduction policy.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X24

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