“城乡等值化”理念下中国城乡二元经济结构转换再认识

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:32

本文选题：城乡二元经济结构 + 城乡等值化　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“城乡二元经济结构”是发展中国家工业化和经济发展进程中呈现出的一种现代工业和传统农业、繁荣城市形态和相对落后的农村形态并存的一种结构性不平衡状态。自从1954年刘易斯提出以来,城乡二元经济结构转换问题就成为发展经济学重要的理论命题。从偏重城市和工业部门的发展,到重视农村农业,再到城乡关系融合均衡发展,二元经济结构转换理论看似经历了一个否定之否定的发展过程,但主要的思路依然限定于:工业化——产业转换——劳动力转移——城市化的路径来消除城乡“差别”实现城乡和工农的“统一”,以至于在实践中出现了乡村与城市、农业与工业单向转换的无差别的“同质化”发展,即工业挤压农业、城市侵占乡村的现象,二元经济结构非但无法消解,反而更加固化。因此传统的理论与思路必须要反思:从工业化到城市化,城乡二元经济结构不会必然消解;传统的理论也不具有普适性,对诸如中国这样的发展中大国尤其如此。因此,探索城乡二元经济结构转换的新理论、新思路具有重大的理论与实践价值。从中国工业化的进程来看,城乡二元经济结构转换与传统的理论是相背离的。城市化滞后工业化,城乡二元经济结构长期呈现出一种固化趋势。破解这一难题,就要在思想认识上突破传统理论的束缚。“城乡等值化”理念打破城市优于农村的城乡二元对立价值取向的束缚,挖掘农村农业的发展潜力,重新定位乡村在区域整体发展系统的主体地位。在核心内涵“城乡居民生活质量不同类是等值”下,使城乡保持差别化地同等发展,在经济发展、生活质量和公共服务等各方面达到等值,最终实现城市与乡村均衡发展。但“城乡等值化”理念自1950年提出至今未能发展成为确定的概念和理论体系,因而本文探究了“城乡等值化”理念的理论渊源,提炼“城乡等值化”的理论内涵,并构建“城乡等值化”的理念系统和相应的衡量指标。通过探究实践“城乡等值化”理念的必要条件和动力来源,考察“城乡等值化”在中国二元经济结构转换的适用性,最后将“城乡等值化”理念与中国“桃花源”思想融合,提出中国乡村发展模式总体构想。
[Abstract]:The "urban-rural dual economic structure" is a kind of structural imbalance in the process of industrialization and economic development of developing countries, in which modern industry and traditional agriculture, prosperous urban form and relatively backward rural form coexist. Since Lewis put forward in 1954, the transformation of urban-rural dual economic structure has become an important theoretical proposition in development economics. From focusing on the development of cities and industrial sectors to attaching importance to rural agriculture, and then to the balanced development of urban-rural relations, the theory of dual economic structure transformation seems to have undergone a negative development process. But the main train of thought is still limited to: industrialization-industry transformation-labor force transfer-the path of urbanization to eliminate the "difference" between urban and rural areas and realize the "unity" between urban and rural areas and workers and peasants, so that in practice there have been rural and urban areas. The "homogenization" development of the one-way transformation between agriculture and industry, that is, the phenomenon of industry squeezing agriculture and the city invading the countryside, makes the dual economic structure more solidified rather than dispelled. Therefore, the traditional theory and train of thought must reflect: from industrialization to urbanization, the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas will not necessarily be eliminated, and the traditional theory is not universal, especially for developing countries such as China. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical value to explore the new theory of urban-rural dual economic structure transformation. From the process of industrialization in China, the transformation of urban-rural dual economic structure deviates from the traditional theory. Urbanization lags behind industrialization, urban and rural dual economic structure presents a long-term solidification trend. To solve this problem, we must break through the shackles of traditional theory in thinking cognition. The concept of "urban-rural equalization" breaks the shackles of the dualistic value orientation of urban and rural areas which is superior to that of rural areas, excavates the development potential of rural agriculture, and reorientates the main position of rural areas in the whole regional development system. Under the core connotation of "the quality of life of urban and rural residents is equivalent in different categories", the urban and rural areas should be developed in a differentiated and equal way, and the economic development, quality of life and public service should be equal, and the balanced development of the city and the countryside would be realized. However, the concept of "urban-rural equivalence" has not been developed into a definite concept and theoretical system since it was put forward in 1950. Therefore, this paper explores the theoretical origin of the concept of "urban-rural equivalence" and refines the theoretical connotation of "urban-rural equivalence". And construct the concept system of "urban and rural equalization" and the corresponding measurement index. By exploring the necessary conditions and power sources of carrying out the concept of "urban-rural equivalence", this paper explores the applicability of "urban-rural equivalence" in the transformation of dual economic structure in China, and finally merges the idea of "rural-urban equivalence" with the thought of "Taohuayuan" in China. The overall conception of rural development model in China is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.2;F320

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