土地整治促进家庭农场适度规模经营研究——基于伊犁州和塔城地区调研

发布时间：2018-05-12 05:52

本文选题：土地整治 + 家庭农场　；参考：《中国农业资源与区划》2017年01期

【摘要】：土地整治已成为坚守耕地红线、改善耕地质量、促进家庭农场适度规模经营、推进农业供给侧结构性改革的关键切入点。文章的研究目的在于系统地分析伊犁州和塔城地区国家重大土地开发整理项目对促进现代家庭农场适度规模经营发展的现状、风险以及存在的困境,并为今后土地整治项目区家庭农场的适度规模经营和科学管理提供有益的借鉴和参考。研究方法主要运用问卷调查法、统计分析法和对比法分析法。结果表明,土地整治后项目区耕作条件、耕作方式和耕作水平有较大程度地提高,大量劳动力节省的同时促进了农户大幅增收,家庭农场规模经营模式多样化;土地整治项目区耕地流转价格大幅上涨,流转方式呈现多元化,农户的流转意愿有很大程度的提高;农户对整治后农场规模经营的满意度较高,但也面临一定程度的风险和困难。得出以下结论,家庭农场经营面临着农产品市场价格的不稳定波动;当地政府的补贴力度较弱,补贴资金缺少相关的审计和监察;土地整治的立项审批复杂,工程设计、监管及后期管护存在一定的疏漏;土地流转方式不合理,经营农场的投资资金来源有限;农户的文化程度普遍较低等方面的困境。在此基础上,本文最后提出了建立和完善全国统一的农产品价格的动态实时监测体系,设立农产品价格的合理波动区间;加大当地政府补贴力度和采取差别化的激励措施;适当延长土地流转年限;长期加强农业技术培训;"因地制宜"发展农场适度规模,注重完善和配套基本的农业社会化服务体系等方面的改革措施。
[Abstract]:Land regulation has become the key entry point for sticking to the red line of cultivated land, improving the quality of cultivated land, promoting the moderate scale management of family farms, and promoting the structural reform on the supply side of agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze the present situation, risks and predicaments of the major land development and consolidation projects in Yili and Tacheng areas to promote the development of moderate scale management of modern family farms. It also provides useful reference and reference for the moderate scale management and scientific management of family farm in the future land regulation project area. The research methods are questionnaire survey, statistical analysis and contrast analysis. The results showed that the tillage conditions, tillage methods and tillage level of the project area were improved to a great extent after land renovation, and a large amount of labor was saved and the income of farmers was greatly increased, and the scale management mode of family farm was diversified. The land regulation project area cultivated land circulation price rises substantially, the circulation way presents the diversification, the farmer household circulation will have the very big enhancement; the farmer after the regulation farm scale management satisfaction is higher, But also face certain degree of risk and difficulty. The following conclusions can be drawn: family farm management is faced with unstable fluctuations in market prices of agricultural products; local government subsidies are weak, subsidy funds lack relevant audit and supervision; approval for land renovation projects is complex, and project design is complex. There are some omissions in supervision and later management and protection; unreasonable land transfer mode limited investment capital source of farm management; low education level of farmers and so on. On this basis, this paper finally proposed to establish and improve the national unified dynamic real-time monitoring system of agricultural product prices, set up a reasonable range of fluctuation of agricultural product prices, increase the intensity of local government subsidies and take differential incentives. Appropriate extension of land circulation years; long-term strengthening of agricultural technology training; "measures to cope with local conditions" development of appropriate farm scale, pay attention to the improvement and supporting of the basic agricultural socialized service system and other aspects of reform measures.
【作者单位】：新疆农业大学管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“塔里木河流域农牧系统耦合原理与资源循环利用及协同机制研究”(71363054) 自治区产学研创新项目“新疆耕地面源污染的农户行为机制研究”(xjaucxy-yjs-20141006) 新疆农业大学研究生创新项目“天山北坡经济带耕地时空动态变化对粮食产量影响研究”(XJAUGRI2015023)
【分类号】：F301.2;F324.1

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