农户对气候变化的感知与生计适应——基于中部与东部村庄的调查对比

发布时间：2018-05-13 03:10

本文选题：农户 + 气候变化　；参考：《生态学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：相对于城市居民,气候变化对农户的影响更为直接与强烈,而农户对气候变化的感知是其采取适应策略的重要前提。目前,相关领域的宏观研究成果比较丰富,以家庭为单位的典型调查分析相对缺乏,基于不同地域农户对比的微观实证研究则更未见于报道。选择中部内陆河南省与东部沿海福建省典型农区的一个村庄作为研究样地,采用参与式农村评估法(Participatory Rural Appraisal,PRA),基于中部和东部村庄144份与153份有效问卷数据,从家庭尺度探讨内陆与沿海农户对气候变化及其影响的感知与生计适应的结构性差异。结果显示:农户对气温与降水的变化感知直接且强烈,能较一致地回顾气候变暖的强度与时期,中部农户对降水变化的感知度较强;接近一半的农户将气候变暖归因于人类因素,至于人类活动内容(如工业排放、汽车增加、个人与家庭、农业污染、农村建设等)对气候变化变暖影响的认知,中部与东部农户则存在显著性差异;农户对气候变化影响的感知不如预期深刻;农户对气候变化的生计适应趋于多样化,包括外出打工、改变种植方式、修建基础设施与多样化经营等。
[Abstract]:Compared with urban residents, the impact of climate change on farmers is more direct and intense, and farmers' perception of climate change is an important prerequisite for their adaptation strategies. At present, the macro research results in related fields are relatively rich, the typical survey and analysis based on family is relatively lacking, and the microscopic empirical research based on the comparison of farmers in different regions is not reported. Based on 144 and 153 valid questionnaire data of central and eastern villages, a village in typical agricultural areas of central inland Henan Province and eastern coastal Fujian Province was selected as a sample land. The participatory Rural Appraisal method was used in the study. This paper explores the structural differences between inland and coastal farmers' perception of climate change and their impacts on their livelihoods from a household scale. The results show that the farmers' perception of the change of temperature and precipitation is direct and strong, and they can review the intensity and period of climate warming in a consistent way, and the farmers' perception of the change of precipitation is stronger in the middle part of the country. Nearly half of farmers attribute climate change to human factors, and human activities (such as industrial emissions, increased cars, individuals and households, agricultural pollution, rural construction, etc.) have a perception of the effects of climate change warming. There are significant differences between central and eastern farmers; farmers' perception of climate change impacts is not as deep as expected; farmers' livelihood adaptation to climate change tends to be diversified, including migrant workers, changing planting methods. Construction of infrastructure and diversification, etc.
【作者单位】：福建师范大学地理科学学院;福建师范大学湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地;College
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学资助项目(14YJCZH112);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目(教外司留[2014]1685号) 福建省科技厅公益类资助项目(K3-360) 中国清洁发展机制基金赠款资助项目(2014009) 福建省教育厅科技资助项目(JK2014007)
【分类号】：F325.15;P467

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