农民工与城市职工工资差距研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 08:47

本文选题：农民工 + 城市职工　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国举世瞩目的高速经济增长的"光环"背后,不断扩大的收入差距所造成的"阴影"正在成为深刻的经济与社会问题,引起国际社会的广泛关注。改革开放之前,中国有长达30年的城乡劳动力市场分割。在这种二元经济体制下,劳动力的跨区域流动是被严格限制的。直到1980年中后期,制度性限制有所放松,来自农村的劳动力逐渐开始进入城市务工。九十年代初至今,城市经济的快速发展,城市对劳动力需求大大增加,在城乡收入差距的推动下,农业生产的大量剩余劳动力涌入城市寻找就业工作的机会。从经济现实来看,劳动力迁移不仅是中国经济发展过程中的典型特征,而且是中国劳动力市场的转折性变化和结构变化的主要来源。考察城镇劳动力与迁移劳动在工资收入方面的差异,因成为理解整体收入不平等的一个重要视角,同时由于迁移劳动力主要以农村外出劳动力为主,也因成为理解城乡收入差距的一个重要视角。从西方移民流入国家的经验来看,流动人口通常在刚刚参与目的地劳动力市场时工资较低与当地劳动力相比处于劣势地位,然而随着他们在目的地居住时间的增加,流动人口的工资通常能逐渐赶上当地的劳动力。事实上,从目前我国的情况来看,农民工与城镇职工的收入差距在近几年来一直维持在较高的水平。本文着眼于农民工和城镇职工之间存在巨大收入差距这一现象,试图了解产生收入差距的原因,并分析这些原因在多大程度上影响着收入差距的形成,最后提出适用于缩小农民工和城镇职工收入差距的政策意见。根据以上研究目标,本文详细介绍了关于工资及工资差异的文献与理论,并在此基础上分析农民工和城镇职工工资差异的形成原因。首先建立Mincer人力资本回归模型对影响城镇职工和农民工工资的因素进行分析,在此基础上,运用工资趋同模型、Oaxaca-Blinder分解、Brown分解及多元Logit回归模型对工资差距进行实证分析。本研究的数据来自"中国家庭收入调查"(China Household Income Program,简称CHIP)在2002年、2007年和2010年实施的大规模统计。研究结果表明,农民工的工资显著小于城镇职工的工资,其工资差距经历了先增大后减小的过程。与人力资本投资理论的发现一致的是,受教育年限的增加和工作经验的增加显著地提高了城市职工和农民工的工资回报,但在人力资本的个人禀赋方面,农民工显著小于城市职工。工资趋同模型表明,随着农民工在城市中工作经验的不断积累,可以缩小农民工和城市职工的工资差距。对农民工和城镇职工工资差距形成原因的分析表明,对农民工的歧视仍然是工资差异形成的重要原因,其中对农民工的歧视程度经历了一个先扩大后缩小的过程。从歧视的另一个角度及职业分割来看,农民工即使拥有与城镇职工相同的人力资本,也被排除在高收入职业之外,这也是形成工资差异的一个重要原因。针对以上结论,文章最后提出几点有利于缩小农民工和城镇职工工资差距的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Behind the "halo" of China's high speed economic growth, the "shadow" caused by the widening income gap is becoming a profound economic and social problem, causing widespread concern in the international community. Before the reform and opening up, China had 30 years of urban and rural labor market segmentation. Under this two yuan economic system, labor force The cross regional flow is strictly limited. Until the mid and late 1980, the institutional constraints were loosened and the labor force from the rural areas began to enter the city. In the early 90s, the rapid development of the urban economy, the increasing demand for the labor force in the city, the large amount of surplus labor in agricultural production under the impetus of the income gap between urban and rural areas. In terms of economic reality, labor migration is not only a typical feature of China's economic development, but also a major source of turning and structural changes in China's labor market. The difference in wage income between urban labor and migrant labor is considered as a whole. There is an important perspective of income inequality, and the migration of labor is mainly based on rural labor force, which is also an important perspective to understand the income gap between urban and rural areas. From the experience of Western immigrants to the country, the migrant workers usually have lower wages compared with the local labor force when they have just participated in the power market of the destination. At a disadvantage, however, with the increase of their time of residence in the destination, the wage of the floating population usually gradually catches up with the local labor force. In fact, the income gap between migrant workers and urban workers has been maintained at a higher level in recent years. This article is focused on migrant workers and urban workers. There is a huge income gap between them, trying to understand the reasons for the income gap, and analyzing the extent to which the income gap is formed. Finally, the policy suggestions are put forward to reduce the income gap between migrant workers and urban workers. According to the above research goals, this paper details the salary and wages. The difference of the literature and theory, and on this basis the analysis of the causes of wage differences between migrant workers and urban workers. First, the Mincer human capital regression model is established to analyze the factors affecting the wages of urban workers and migrant workers. On this basis, the wage convergence model, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, Brown decomposition and multiple Logit regression are used. The results of this study are based on the large-scale statistics of the China Household Income Program (CHIP) in 2002, 2007 and 2010. The results show that the wage of migrant workers is significantly smaller than the wage of urban workers, and the wage gap has increased first and then decreased. In accordance with the discovery of human capital investment theory, the increase in the number of years of education and the increase of work experience significantly increase the salary returns of urban workers and migrant workers, but in the personal endowment of human capital, the migrant workers are significantly smaller than those of urban workers. The continuous accumulation of experience can reduce the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers. The analysis of the causes of the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers shows that discrimination against migrant workers is still an important reason for the formation of wage differences, and the degree of discrimination against migrant workers has experienced a process of enlarging and narrowing first. In view of the angle and occupation division, even if the migrant workers have the same human capital as the urban workers, they are also excluded from the high income profession. This is also an important reason for the formation of wage differentials. In the end, the article puts forward some policy suggestions that can help to reduce the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.24

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