农业现代化视角下吉林省农业劳动力供求问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 12:37

本文选题：农业现代化 + 农业劳动力供给　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为国民经济的基础产业,农业的发展问题始终是政府关注的重点。我国中央一号文件已经连续十一年锁定“三农”问题,未来农业发展的主基调也逐渐明晰,即农业现代化是未来农业发展的方向和路径。随着农业现代化的推进,农业发展对农业劳动力的要求也逐渐提高,农业现代化要求实现农民现代化,因此,农业劳动力的状况直接影响农业现代化的实现。吉林省地处我国东北地区粮食主产区,近年来农业现代化水平不断提高,农业劳动力的供给情况也在不断变化。但吉林省在农业现代化进程中,农业机械化、土地集约化生产对农业劳动力的替代作用使得农村劳动力大量流动,此外,农村人口老龄化严重,农民综合素质偏低等一系列问题,也使得农业劳动力面临更大的风险,不难看出,目前吉林省农业劳动力的现状并不符合农业现代化发展的需要。因此,在农业现代化进程中需要什么样的劳动力,怎样培育新型职业农民实现农民现代化,怎样达到劳动力供求平衡,保证农村劳动力结构的合理完整是现阶段需要解决的问题。本文根据研究需要,将主要研究内容分为六部分：第一部分是导论。主要介绍本文的选题背景及意义,国内外研究现状,主要研究内容、研究方法和技术路线等；第二部分是相关概念界定及理论基础。主要是对农业现代化、现代农业、农业劳动力相关概念进行界定,并对人力资本理论,劳动力供求均衡理论、改造传统农业理论进行介绍,为文章提供理论支撑；第三部分是吉林省农业现代化与农业劳动力现状分析。通过构建评价指标体系分析吉林省农业现代化发展水平,并从数量和质量两方面分析吉林省农业劳动力的供给现状；第四部分是吉林省农业现代化与农业劳动力的相关性分析。通过验证农业现代化与农业劳动力具有一定的相关性,从而进一步从农业现代化的角度分析劳动力的供给和需求问题。研究结果显示,农业现代化与农业劳动力的数量呈负相关关系,而与劳动力的文化程度、年龄结构等质量指标呈正相关关系。第五部分是吉林省农业现代化进程中农业劳动力的需求分析。根据吉林省目前农业现代化水平分析农业劳动力数量和质量的需求情况,结合劳动力供给情况,分析供给与需求的差距,研究显示农业劳动力的数量供求溢出量具有逐渐增大的趋势,说明随着农业现代化程度的加深,农业劳动力总体需求量下降,但供给总量基本保持不变,所以供求溢出量逐渐增大,最后结合供求差距分析农业劳动力供给存在的问题；第六部分是促进吉林省农业劳动力适应农业现代化发展的对策建议。具体建议包括因地制宜的制定适度劳动力转移的政策,加强农民技能培训和人力资本投资,优化产业结构等。
[Abstract]:As the basic industry of national economy, the development of agriculture has always been the focus of the government. The first document of the Central Committee of our country has been locked in the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" for 11 consecutive years, and the main tone of agricultural development in the future is also gradually clear, that is, agricultural modernization is the direction and path of future agricultural development. With the advancement of agricultural modernization, the demand of agricultural development for agricultural labor force is also gradually raised. Agricultural modernization requires the realization of farmers' modernization. Therefore, the situation of agricultural labor force directly affects the realization of agricultural modernization. Jilin Province is located in the main grain production area of Northeast China. In recent years, the level of agricultural modernization has been continuously improved, and the supply of agricultural labor is also changing. However, in the process of agricultural modernization in Jilin Province, the substitution of agricultural mechanization and intensive land production for agricultural labor force makes a large number of rural labor force flow. In addition, the aging of rural population is serious. A series of problems, such as the low comprehensive quality of farmers, also make the agricultural labor force face greater risks. It is not difficult to see that the present situation of agricultural labor force in Jilin Province does not meet the needs of the development of agricultural modernization. Therefore, in the process of agricultural modernization, what kind of labor force is needed, how to cultivate new type of professional farmers to realize the modernization of farmers, how to achieve the balance between supply and demand of labor force, To ensure the rational and complete structure of rural labor force is the problem that needs to be solved at the present stage. According to the needs of the research, the main research content is divided into six parts: the first part is an introduction. This paper mainly introduces the background and significance of this topic, domestic and foreign research status, the main research content, research methods and technical routes; the second part is the definition of relevant concepts and theoretical basis. It mainly defines the related concepts of agricultural modernization, modern agriculture and agricultural labor force, and introduces the theory of human capital, the equilibrium theory of labor force supply and demand, and the reform of traditional agricultural theory, which provides theoretical support for the article. The third part is the analysis of agricultural modernization and agricultural labor force in Jilin Province. The development level of agricultural modernization in Jilin Province is analyzed by constructing the evaluation index system, and the supply status of agricultural labor force in Jilin Province is analyzed from the aspects of quantity and quality. The fourth part is the correlation analysis between agricultural modernization and agricultural labor force in Jilin Province. By verifying the relevance between agricultural modernization and agricultural labor force, this paper further analyzes the supply and demand of labor force from the angle of agricultural modernization. The results show that there is a negative correlation between agricultural modernization and the quantity of agricultural labor force, but a positive correlation between agricultural modernization and the quality index of labor force, such as education level, age structure and so on. The fifth part is the demand analysis of agricultural labor force in the process of agricultural modernization in Jilin Province. According to the current level of agricultural modernization in Jilin Province, the demand for the quantity and quality of agricultural labor force is analyzed, and the gap between supply and demand is analyzed in combination with the situation of labor force supply. The research shows that the quantity of supply and demand spillover of agricultural labor force is gradually increasing, which shows that with the deepening of agricultural modernization, the total demand of agricultural labor force is decreasing, but the total supply quantity is basically unchanged. Therefore, the supply and demand spillover amount increases gradually, and finally analyzes the existing problems of agricultural labor supply combined with the gap between supply and demand. The sixth part is the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the agricultural labor force in Jilin Province to adapt to the development of agricultural modernization. Specific suggestions include formulating appropriate labor force transfer policies according to local conditions, strengthening farmers' skill training and human capital investment, optimizing industrial structure and so on.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.27

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