菏泽市农村养老的现状、问题与对策

发布时间：2018-05-27 03:33

本文选题：菏泽市 + 农村养老　；参考：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2000年以来,菏泽市人口老龄化速度不断加快。与山东省东部沿海发达地区相比,我市属于“未富先老”,并且农村老龄化的程度明显高于城市。然而,农村社会资源、基础设施却远远落后于城市,这使得养老问题更加突出。2015年,全市60岁以上的老年人突破150万,占总人口的比例上升至20%。如此庞大人群的养老问题,严重影响着社会的和谐稳定和未来发展走向。目前,学术界关于农村养老的研究成果较多。但学者从宏观层面进行分析的多,结合政策执行和落实对体系建设进行研究的较少。因此,本文综合运用文献分析、问卷调查、比较分析法,深入2镇4个村实地调查,从政府、家庭、社会、个人角度进行分析,挖掘问题产生的原因,提出相应对策。全文共分为五个章节。绪论部分主要阐述了选题背景与意义。随着人口老龄化现象的加剧,我市农村养老问题日渐严重。虽然国家相继推出一系列惠民政策可以缓解不断加剧的压力,但受经济发展水平、群众观念、政策落实等因素影响,当前仍存在大量问题,挖掘问题、分析原因、提出对策就是本文的主要目的。第一章主要阐述国家有关养老方面的政策,对比查看我市在政策执行、贯彻落实方面的情况。利用工作之便,笔者选择牡丹区安兴镇孟王庄村、肖庄村和巨野县营里镇袁谢村、刘楼村实地走访,就经济收入、健康状况、生活照料、精神文化等方面做了详细的问卷调查。第二章主要阐述了我市农村养老工作存在的问题,突出表现为:家庭赡养功能弱化;社会保障体系不健全;地方财政投入严重不足;服务产业档次低,从业人员水平差。通过查阅文献资料,笔者深入分析,挖掘原因:经济发展水平低,大量年轻劳动力流出,造成“养老荒”;传统观念过时,家庭养老难以维系;地方财政基础差,增长慢,“输血”少;没有理顺农民与土地的关系。第三章主要阐述了国内其他地区农村养老工作的实践与创新。通过对幸福院、居家养老中心的比较,分析出其得以实施的有利条件以及普遍推广存在的困难。借鉴部分发达地区的探索,如“时间银行”志愿服务、医养结合模式、土地养老、以房养老,学习其先进做法,吸取经验,取长补短。第四章主要从家庭、政府、社会、个人等方面提出对策:加强顶层设计,夯实经济、法律基础;多措并举,多策并用,建立多支柱的保障体系;引入民间资本,集合社会力量,放宽市场入口;转变观念,引导自我养老。结论部分呼吁家庭、政府、社会积极行动,共同发力,从依赖子女赡养转向居家养老、互助养老、机构养老,提高自养能力,联合搭建起坚实、无缝隙的社会保障网,以实现老人安度晚年,共享幸福。
[Abstract]:Since 2000, the speed of population aging in Heze has been accelerating. Compared with the developed areas in the east coast of Shandong Province, our city belongs to the "old before rich", and the degree of rural aging is obviously higher than that of the city. However, the rural social resources and infrastructure lags far behind the urban, which makes the pension problem more prominent. In 2015, the number of elderly over 60 years old in the city exceeded 1.5 million, the proportion of the total population rose to 20. The pension problem of such a huge crowd seriously affects the social harmony and stability and the future development trend. At present, the academic circles about the rural old-age pension research results are more. However, scholars analyze more from the macro level, and less research on system construction combined with policy implementation and implementation. Therefore, this article synthetically uses the literature analysis, the questionnaire survey, the comparative analysis method, the thorough 2 towns 4 villages field investigation, from the government, the family, the society, the individual angle carries on the analysis, excavates the reason which the question produces, puts forward the corresponding countermeasure. The full text is divided into five chapters. The introduction mainly expounds the background and significance of the selected topic. With the aggravation of the aging population, the problem of providing for the aged in rural areas of our city is becoming more and more serious. Although the state has introduced a series of policies to benefit the people one after another, it can alleviate the increasing pressure, but under the influence of factors such as the level of economic development, the concept of the masses, and the implementation of the policy, there are still a large number of problems, excavating the problems, and analyzing the reasons. The main purpose of this paper is to put forward countermeasures. The first chapter mainly expounds the state policy on the old-age care, and compares the implementation and implementation of the policy in our city. With the help of work, the author selected Meng Wang Zhuang Village, Anxing Town, Mengwangzhuang Village, Xiao Zhuang Village and Yingli Town Yuan Xie Village, Juye County, Mengwangzhuang Village in Mudan District, and made a detailed questionnaire survey on economic income, health status, life care, spiritual culture and so on. The second chapter mainly expounds the problems existing in the rural old-age care work in our city, which are mainly manifested in the weakening of the function of family support; the unsound social security system; the serious shortage of local financial investment; the low level of service industry and the poor level of employees. Through the literature review, the author analyzes the reasons: low level of economic development, outflow of a large number of young labor force, resulting in "old-age shortage"; outdated traditional concepts, family pension is difficult to maintain; poor local financial base, slow growth, "Blood transfusion" is few; the relationship between farmers and land has not been straightened out. The third chapter mainly expounds the practice and innovation of rural old-age work in other areas of China. Through the comparison of the happy home and the home pension center, this paper analyzes the favorable conditions for its implementation and the difficulties in popularizing it. We should learn from the exploration of some developed regions, such as "time bank" voluntary service, combination mode of medical care and support, land old-age care, old-age care with housing, learn its advanced methods, absorb experience, and learn from each other's weaknesses. The fourth chapter mainly from the family, the government, the society, the individual and so on aspect proposes the countermeasure: strengthens the top level design, compacts the economy, the legal foundation; many measures simultaneously, many measures and uses, establishes the multi-pillar safeguard system; inducts the folk capital, gathers the social strength, Relax the market entrance; change the idea, guide self-endowment. Conclusion the family, government and society are urged to take positive actions and make joint efforts to change from dependent on children's support to family support, mutual support, institutional old-age support, self-support ability, and to build a solid, seamless social security network. In order to achieve the elderly to spend their twilight years, share happiness.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.89

【参考文献】