农民专业合作社风险承担机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 11:30

本文选题：合作社 + 成员分层　；参考：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：农民专业合作社风险承担机制研究,为我国合作社的理论研究和实践提供一个新的思考路径。合作社风险承担一方面关系着成员的权利义务关系,关系着成员在合作社中的话语权,影响着合作社的盈余分配;另一方面体现着合作社的组织特征,影响合作社组织价值和目标的实现。本研究主要通过多个关系案例研究,采取半结构式访谈、参与式观察等研究方法对合作社风险承担的相关问题进行收集、整理、归纳和总结;从而分析合作社的风险类型,概括实践中合作社为了应对风险所做的策略安排,呈现合作社的风险承担机制的现状;对合作社风险共担机制的偏离,展现对合作社民主治理和盈余分配等本质特征的影响,从而最终解析阻碍形成的合作社风险共担机制的因素。第一,通过罗虚代尔公平先锋社与国际合作社联盟所倡导的合作社理念和原则来看,合作社对民主管理和盈余分配制度集中体现了合作社的本质属性,同时也体现了合作社在面对风险时成员共同承担的内在要求,即风险共担机制。第二,分析实践中合作社的风险以及风险类型,合作社面对这些风险时所采取的应对措施。通过案例介绍在产业链条中合作社所遇到的风险,从公共管理学科角度,借鉴学者对合作社风险的分类确定合作社风险类型,分析合作社的成员要素与产品要素对形成风险类型的影响。第三,通过案例展示合作社风险化解的方式,呈现合作社应对这些风险所做出的策略安排,进而分析合作社风险承担的现状对风险共担机制的偏离。如此,合作社核心成员与普通成员的分层更加明显,合作社的风险共担机制便无法形成。第四,分析目前我国农民专业合作社没有形成风险共担机制的原因,即信息不对称、不完全契约以及乡土嵌入程度,导致合作社可能陷入"公地悲剧" "囚徒困境"等境地,合作社的风险不断增加,合作社核心成员与普通成员承担不同风险的状况越来越凸显,影响合作社治理和功能的实现,呈现出诸多学者口中的"假合作社"、"空壳合作社"和"休眠合作社"。总之,理论上合作社的风险承担机制应该是成员共同承担,但是目前我国农民专业合作社应对风险的策略安排偏离了风险共担机制,使得合作社民主治理和盈余分配机制都受到了影响,无法最大限度地发挥合作社组织的功能,也无法真正意义上实现合作社组织的价值和目标。
[Abstract]:The research on the risk-bearing mechanism of farmers' specialized cooperatives provides a new way of thinking for the theoretical research and practice of Chinese cooperatives. On the one hand, the risk bearing of the cooperative is related to the rights and obligations of the members, the voice of the members in the cooperative, and the distribution of the surplus of the cooperative; on the other hand, it reflects the organizational characteristics of the cooperative. Influence the realization of the value and goal of cooperative organization. This study mainly through a number of relational case studies, using semi-structured interviews, participatory observation and other research methods to collect, collate, summarize and summarize the related problems of cooperative risk bearing, so as to analyze the type of cooperative risk. Summarize the strategy arrangement of cooperative to deal with risks in practice, present the present situation of cooperative risk-bearing mechanism, deviate from cooperative risk-sharing mechanism, show the influence on the essential characteristics of cooperative democratic governance and surplus distribution, etc. Finally, analyze the factors that hinder the formation of cooperative risk sharing mechanism. First, through the cooperative ideas and principles advocated by Rochsdale Fair Pioneer and the International Cooperative Alliance, the cooperative system of democratic management and surplus distribution embodies the essence of cooperatives. At the same time, it also reflects the inherent requirements of the members of the cooperative in the face of risk, that is, the risk-sharing mechanism. Secondly, the paper analyzes the risks and types of the cooperatives in practice, and the countermeasures taken by the cooperatives in the face of these risks. This paper introduces the risks encountered by cooperatives in the industrial chain through a case study. From the perspective of the subject of public management, we can learn from the classification of cooperative risks by scholars to determine the types of cooperative risks. This paper analyzes the influence of the member factors and product elements of cooperatives on the formation of risk types. Third, through the case to show how to resolve the cooperative risk, presents the cooperative to deal with these risks made the strategic arrangements, and then analyzes the current situation of cooperative risk sharing mechanism deviation. In this way, the stratification of the core members and ordinary members is more obvious, and the cooperative risk-sharing mechanism cannot be formed. Fourthly, the paper analyzes the reasons why there is no risk-sharing mechanism in professional cooperatives of farmers in China at present, that is, asymmetric information, incomplete contracts and the degree of local embedding, which may lead cooperatives into the situation of "tragedy of common land" and "prisoner's dilemma". With the increasing risks of cooperatives, the situation that the core members of cooperatives and ordinary members bear different risks is becoming more and more prominent, which affects the governance and the realization of functions of cooperatives. Many scholars say "false cooperative", "shell cooperative" and "dormant cooperative". In a word, in theory, the risk-bearing mechanism of cooperative should be shared by its members, but at present, the strategic arrangement of farmers' professional cooperatives to deal with risks deviates from the risk-sharing mechanism. The democratic governance of cooperatives and the mechanism of surplus distribution have been affected, and the functions of cooperative organizations can not be maximized and the value and goal of cooperative organizations can not be realized in a real sense.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.42

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