制度经济学视角下的官坞村经济变迁研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 08:39

本文选题：制度经济学 + 渔村经济　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为农业大国的中国,农村人口占约60%,三农即农业、农村和农民的问题,一直是我国待解决的严重又迫切的问题,跟国家的整体经济密切相关。经过改革开放将近四十年的时间,我国总体上达到了以城带乡、以工促农的发展阶段。渔业作为农业的一个分支,渔村是农村的有机组成部分,农业经济的发展离不开渔业经济的快速发展,渔村整体经济的发展和渔民素质的提高,对于整个农村社会的稳定和繁荣非常重要。自从我国实行家庭承包责任制以后,集体经济对于增加农民收入且在农村经济社会发展中扮演者重要的角色。随之集体经济制度的变迁在学术研究中变得尤为重要。官坞村以渔业生产为主,渔村个案的实践经验及其成果教训对整个渔业的发展具有积极的指导意义。自1978年改革开放至今,近40年来是我国渔民受益最大,渔业经济发展最快的时期,渔政部门和地方政府关注的焦点也一直包含渔村经济发展的调查。在计划经济时期,官坞村是一个渔业基层经营生产大队,其海水养殖业和渔业管理体制原来是“大包干”转向“家庭联产承包责任制”,随着我国市场经济的开放,逐步向“以家庭联产承包为基础的统分结合双层经营体制”的转型。但其改革的内容与形式又有自身特色,探索出了“农户+村公司(集体经济组织)+市场”的生产经营方式,发展成家庭联产承包责任制。官坞村的生产经营方式由最初的“农户+市场”模式发展到“农户+村公司+市场”模式再到当前的两种模式并存,官坞村的这种变迁离不开制度的影响,笔者通过本文从制度经济学的角度来分析官坞村的经济变迁,依照马克思主义政治经济学的基本观点来说,生产关系必须适应生产力发展,当时官坞村海水养殖业的条件是分散经营的,分散渔民有差异化,其总体意愿有所不同,根据渔民的个性特征探索各种有利于渔业发展的渔业经营体制,并及时总结分析。官坞村渔业基本经营制度创新,成为实现集体经济的新载体新途径,促使村民与集体的关系保持平衡,效果显著。渔村变革的实质是渔业生产力的解放与发展。官坞村20多年来的发展经验表明,农民想要致富,农村经济想要长期发展的途径是进行产业化规模化生产经营。官坞村产业发展的新思路还包括引领品牌效应,借鉴工业化的理念来发展现代渔业。在这种情况下,渔村经济的变迁成为了一种不可避免的趋势。然而渔村在经济转型时,许多问题会逐渐暴露出来,我们需要对渔村的经济发展更深刻的研究,针对问题找到相应的解决办法,从而为更高效的利用渔业改革的模式及内容,向现代农业发展提供良好的政策建议。本文通过以档案历史为经线,以实地调查为纬线,对新中国成立以来官坞村的发展历程进行了详细的阐述,对官坞村的经济发展现状进行了总结与分析,并进一步归纳出了官坞村现阶段经济发展过程中的问题。笔者试图从制度经济学的视角,为进一步探讨如何解决在渔村经济变革发展的新形势下解决当前问题,基于产权理论和交易成本理论基础进行剖析。首先,笔者针对制度经济学作了简单介绍,构建了理论分析的基础框架;其次,阐述了官坞村经济发展历程,包括生产力及生产关系的变迁,总结了其发展现状及存在的问题,然后构建了节约交易成本的分析模型,并对官坞村渔业经营模式进行了细致的分析;第三,运用产权理论和交易成本理论分析了官坞村经济变迁问题的成因;第四,基于前几章构建的理论分析框架,对本研究的理论分析进行了总结;在最后第五章得出结论并针对官坞村渔业经济发展提出相应的对策建议。
[Abstract]:China, as a big agricultural country, accounts for about 60% of the rural population. The problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been a serious and urgent problem to be solved in China, which is closely related to the overall economy of the country. After nearly forty years of reform and opening up, our country has reached the stage of the development of the rural area, the development of agriculture and the development of agriculture. As a branch of agriculture, the fishing village is an organic part of the rural area. The development of the agricultural economy can not be separated from the rapid development of the fishery economy. The development of the overall economy of the fishing village and the improvement of the quality of the fishermen are very important for the stability and prosperity of the whole rural society. Since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in China, the collective economy has increased. The peasants' income plays an important role in the rural economic and social development. With the change of the collective economic system, the changes of the collective economic system have become particularly important in the academic research. The village of Guan Wu village is dominated by fishery production. The practical experience and the lessons of the fishing village cases have a positive guiding significance for the development of the whole fishery. Since the reform and opening up in 1978, In the last 40 years, the fishermen in our country have benefited most and the fastest development of the fishery economy, the focus of the fishery administration departments and local governments has always included the investigation of the economic development of the fishing village. In the planned economy period, the official dock Village is a production brigade at the basic level of fishery management, and its marine aquaculture and fisheries management system turned out to be a "big package" turn. "Family contract responsibility system", with the opening of the market economy in China, the transformation of the "combination of household contract as the basis of the unified division combined with double management system". However, the content and form of the reform have its own characteristics, and explored the production and operation mode of "Peasant household + village company (collective economic organization) + market", and developed into the mode of production and management. The production and operation mode of Guan Wu village is developed from the original "farmer + market" mode to the "farmer + village company + market" mode, and then to the current two modes. This change of Guan Wu village can not be separated from the system. The author analyzes the economic change from the angle of institutional economics in this article. In accordance with the basic point of view of Marx's political economics, production relations must be adapted to the development of productive forces. At that time, the conditions of the marine aquaculture industry in the village of Guan Wu village were scattered and dispersed, and the fishermen were dissimilated. Their overall wishes were different, and the fishing management system, which was beneficial to the development of fishery, was explored according to the characteristics of the fishermen. In time, the innovation of the basic management system of the village fishery has become a new way to realize the new carrier of the collective economy, and the relationship between the villagers and the collective will be balanced and the effect is remarkable. The essence of the reform of the fishing village is the liberation and development of the fishery productivity. The development experience of the village of Guan Wu Village for more than 20 years shows that the peasants want to become rich and the rural economy wants. The new way of long-term development is to carry out industrial scale production and operation. The new idea of industrial development of Guan Wu village also includes leading brand effect and developing modern fishery by using the concept of industrialization. In this case, the change of fishing village economy has become an inevitable trend. However, many problems will gradually become more and more difficult in the economic transformation of fishing villages. We need to study the economic development of the fishing village more deeply, find the corresponding solutions to the problem, and provide a good policy suggestion to the modern agriculture development for the more efficient use of the mode and content of the fishery reform. The development of Guan Wu village is expounded in detail, the present situation of the economic development of Guan Wu village is summarized and analyzed, and the problems in the process of economic development at the present stage of Guan Wu village are further summed up. The author tries to further discuss how to solve the new situation in the economic reform and development of the fishing village from the perspective of institutional economics. The current problem is based on the theory of property rights and the basis of the theory of transaction cost. Firstly, the author makes a brief introduction to the institutional economics, constructs the basic framework of the theoretical analysis; secondly, expounds the economic development process of the official dock Village, including the changes in the productive forces and production relations, and summarizes its current development and existing problems, and then, The analysis model of economizing transaction cost is constructed, and the fishery management model of Guan Wu village is carefully analyzed. Third, the causes of the economic changes of Guan Wu village are analyzed with the theory of property right and the theory of transaction cost. Fourth, the theoretical analysis framework based on the previous chapters is summarized, and the final chapter is the last one. The five chapter draws the conclusion and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the development of fishery economy in Guan Wu village.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.4

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