劳动力转移对河南省粮食生产技术效率的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 01:23

本文选题：劳动力转移 + 河南省　；参考：《华中农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：河南省作为我国重要的商品粮生产基地,同时也是我国粮食主产区之一,每年可提供我国粮食总产量的1/10,截止2014年底,河南省粮食产量达5772万吨,实现“十一连增”,粮食产量的增长,一方面得益于生产要素投入量的增加,另一方面得益于生产效率的提高。粮食产量增加的同时另一个不得不考虑的事实是随着城镇化的推进,大量的农村劳动力脱离农业生产转移至非农产业,劳动力的转移一定程度上可以释放冗余人力资源依附在农业生产上的压力,提高生产资源的配置效率,但另一方面,由于劳动力转移使得农村劳动力的结构呈现出妇女化、老龄化、低素质化的特征,在河南省耕地资源及劳动力投入双约束条件下,依靠以技术效率的提高为核心的集约型增长模式才是科学可持续的。因此,本文将劳动力转移与粮食生产技术效率纳入同一框架进行研究,对河南省粮食生产及劳动力资源合理配置都具有重大的意义。本文在对相关理论进行阐释的基础上,首先对河南省粮食生产及劳动力转移现状进行了分析;其次,从宏观视角运用DEA-Tobit两步法对河南省18个市2005-2014年粮食生产技术效率进行了综合测算,考察了劳动力转移、城镇化水平、政府支农政策、农业发展水平和农业基础设施几个因素对粮食生产技术效率的影响,结果显示,从近10年的时间来看,劳动力转移规模、农业发展水平对粮食生产技术效率的影响为正,城镇化水平与财政支农资金对其的影响为负;再次,基于微观视角对345户调查农户的粮食生产技术效率进行了分析,从转移劳动力的规模、质量、年龄、地域及家庭禀赋等方面考察了其对粮食生产技术效率的影响,分析表明,从2014年来看,转移劳动力的规模、年龄等对粮食生产技术效率的影响为负;最后,结合分析结果和河南省实际情况,对河南省合理配置劳动力资源及提升粮食生产技术效率提出可操作性的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Henan Province, as an important commodity grain production base in China, is also one of the main grain producing areas in China. It can provide 1 / 10 of the total grain output of our country every year. By the end of 2014, the grain output in Henan Province has reached 57.72 million tons, realizing "eleven consecutive increases". The increase of grain production is due to the increase of factor input on the one hand and the improvement of production efficiency on the other. Another fact that has to be taken into account while increasing grain production is that with the development of urbanization, a large number of rural labor forces have moved away from agricultural production to non-agricultural industries. To some extent, the transfer of labor force can release the pressure of redundant human resources attached to agricultural production and improve the efficiency of the allocation of production resources. On the other hand, the structure of rural labor force is feminized because of the transfer of labor force. With the characteristics of aging and low quality, it is scientific and sustainable to rely on the intensive growth model, which is based on the improvement of technical efficiency, under the condition of double constraints of cultivated land resources and labor input in Henan Province. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the transfer of labor force and the technical efficiency of grain production in the same framework, which is of great significance to the grain production and the rational allocation of labor resources in Henan Province. Based on the explanation of relevant theories, this paper first analyzes the current situation of grain production and labor force transfer in Henan Province; secondly, The technical efficiency of grain production in 18 cities of Henan Province from 2005 to 2014 was comprehensively measured from a macro perspective using the DEA-Tobit two-step method. The transfer of labor force, the level of urbanization, and the government's policy of supporting agriculture were investigated. The effects of the level of agricultural development and agricultural infrastructure on the technical efficiency of grain production show that the scale of labor force transfer and the level of agricultural development have positive effects on the technical efficiency of grain production over the past 10 years. The level of urbanization and the financial support for agriculture have negative effects on it. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the technical efficiency of 345 households' grain production from the microscopic perspective, from the scale, quality, age of transferring labor force. The effects of geographical and family endowment on the technical efficiency of grain production are investigated. The analysis shows that the scale and age of transferring labor force have negative effects on the technical efficiency of grain production in 2014. Based on the results of the analysis and the actual situation in Henan Province, some feasible policy suggestions are put forward for the rational allocation of labor resources and the improvement of the technical efficiency of grain production in Henan Province.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.11;F323.6

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