中国农业发展的结构性矛盾及其政策转型

发布时间：2018-06-14 22:41

本文选题：农业发展 + 结构性矛盾　；参考：《中国农村经济》2017年05期

【摘要】：当前,中国农业发展的主要矛盾已经由过去的总量不足转变为结构性矛盾。本文从部门结构、产品结构、组织结构、技术结构、外贸结构和空间结构等方面,深入分析了当前中国农业发展面临的结构性矛盾。改革开放以来,面对农产品总量不足,中国实行了以"保增产"为核心目标的增产导向型农业政策。这种政策有力地刺激了农产品产量增长,保障了农产品供给和国家粮食安全,促进了农业综合生产能力的提高,但并没有从根本上破解农业国际竞争力不强、生产效益不高、农民增收难、农产品质量和安全问题凸显等长期困扰中国农业发展的难题。随着发展阶段的转变和居民消费层次的升级,中国农业发展将进入全面转型升级的新阶段,国家农业政策亟需从过去主要依靠化学农业支撑产量增长的增产导向型政策,转变为以绿色农业为支撑、追求质量和效率的质效导向型政策。实行质效导向型农业政策,必须以提高质量和效率为核心目标,围绕降成本、提质量、增效益,采取供给侧结构性改革方式和组合式政策,从根本上有效破解农业结构性矛盾,增强农业国际竞争力和可持续发展能力。
[Abstract]:At present, the main contradiction of China's agricultural development has changed from the past insufficient amount to structural contradiction. In this paper, the structural contradictions of agricultural development in China are analyzed in terms of department structure, product structure, organizational structure, technical structure, foreign trade structure and spatial structure. Since the reform and opening up, faced with the shortage of agricultural products, China has implemented an agricultural policy with the core goal of "ensuring production increase". This policy has powerfully stimulated the growth of agricultural production, guaranteed the supply of agricultural products and national food security, and promoted the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity, but it has not fundamentally solved the fact that the international competitiveness of agriculture is weak and the efficiency of production is not high. Farmers' income increase, agricultural product quality and safety issues have long plagued China's agricultural development. With the transformation of the development stage and the upgrading of the resident consumption level, China's agricultural development will enter a new stage of comprehensive transformation and upgrading. To change to green agriculture as the support, the pursuit of quality and efficiency of the quality-oriented policy. To carry out the quality-effect-oriented agricultural policy, we must take the improvement of quality and efficiency as the core goal, focus on reducing cost, raising quality and increasing efficiency, adopt the supply-side structural reform and combination policy, so as to solve the structural contradiction of agriculture fundamentally and effectively. We will strengthen the international competitiveness of agriculture and its ability to develop sustainably.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院农村发展研究所;
【分类号】：F320

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