农地流转、农户兼业程度与生产效率的关系

发布时间：2018-06-16 06:54

本文选题：中部地区 + 农地流转　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年05期

【摘要】：以中部地区142个村1 370户农户的调查结果为基础,运用统计分析法、DEA分析法研究农地流转前后转入户和转出户的农业生产效率变化,进一步采用Tobit回归分析方法探究不同农户兼业程度对两类农户的农业生产效率的影响,为保障国家粮食安全、制定相关政策提供理论依据。研究发现:(1)从综合生产效率来看,中部地区参与农地流转的农户生产效率均较低,仅有0.204,农地流转使转入户提高了1.1%,转出户降低了15.7%;从技术效率和规模效率来看,流转后转出户的技术效率低于转入户1.8%、规模效率与转入户扩大为10.4%,说明农地流转促使土地由转出户向生产技术更高、经营规模更集中的转入户家庭转移。(2)在其他条件不变的情况下,兼业分化会显著提高转入户的生产效率,显著降低转出土地农户的生产效率,且兼业程度越强兼业分化的正方向影响作用越弱。(3)在其他变量中,受教育程度、农业补贴政策的落实和农业技能培训对农业生产效率均有正向影响。研究结论:在农地流转中,建议政府应考虑流转农户的差异化以及兼业程度的影响,针对转入户和转出户分别制定相应的土地政策,一要对兼业程度较高的转出户实行农民身份退出机制,在城乡居民福利和公共服务均等化水平逐渐提高的基础下,稳步推进农民市民化进程,促使土地要素向高生产效率的农户转移。二要从农地的承包经营权中分离出经营权,对土地经营权予以登记,让真正种地的农民得到农业补贴政策的实惠;适度降低转入户的兼业化水平,促进农民职业化,鼓励规模化经营。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation results of 1 370 peasant households in 142 villages in central China, this paper studies the change of agricultural production efficiency before and after agricultural land transfer by using statistical analysis method and DEA method. Furthermore, Tobit regression analysis was used to explore the influence of different degree of concurrent employment on the agricultural production efficiency of two types of farmers, to provide a theoretical basis for ensuring national food security and formulating relevant policies. The study found that from the perspective of comprehensive production efficiency, the farmers involved in the transfer of agricultural land in the central region were all low, with only 0.204. The transfer of agricultural land increased the number of households transferred to households by 1.1 and dropped by 15.7.The technical efficiency and scale efficiency, After the transfer, the technical efficiency of transferring households is lower than that of transferring households, and the scale efficiency and transfer rate are expanded to 10.4, which indicates that the transfer of agricultural land promotes the higher technology of land transfer from households to households. If other conditions are not changed, the differentiation of concurrent-business will significantly improve the productive efficiency of the transferred households and significantly reduce the production efficiency of the rural households transferred out of the land. Moreover, the stronger the degree of concurrent business is, the weaker the positive effect of the differentiation of concurrent industry is. 3) among other variables, the degree of education, the implementation of agricultural subsidy policy and the training of agricultural skills have positive effects on the efficiency of agricultural production. Research conclusion: in the agricultural land transfer, it is suggested that the government should consider the difference of the transfer farmers and the influence of the concurrent-business degree, and formulate the corresponding land policy for the transfer households and the transferring households respectively. First, it is necessary to implement the peasant status withdrawal mechanism for those who have a higher degree of concurrent business, and steadily promote the process of farmer citizenship on the basis of a gradual increase in the level of equalization of welfare and public services for urban and rural residents. To promote the transfer of land elements to farmers with high production efficiency. Second, it is necessary to separate out the management right from the contracted management right of agricultural land, to register the land management right, so that the farmers who really cultivate the land can get the benefits of the agricultural subsidy policy, and appropriately reduce the level of concurrent-business transfer to households, and promote the professionalization of farmers. Encourage large-scale operation.
【作者单位】：华中农业大学土地管理学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“建立城乡统一的建设用地市场研究”(批准号:14JZD009);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(批准号:16YJG790121) 国家自然科学基金项目“国土空间管制下土地非均衡发展及空间外部性扩散机理与区域协调发展政策研究”(批准号:71373095);国家自然科学基金项目“经济社会双重转型下土地转换效率测度及效率改进政策调控原理研究”(批准号:71573101) 中央高校科研基本业务费专项资金资助项目(批准号:2662016PY078、26620150D024)
【分类号】：F321.1;F323

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