广西北部湾经济区土地利用生态风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 12:27

本文选题：土地利用 + 生态风险　；参考：《广西师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地是人类生存和发展的物质基础。随着人类活动的广度和深度的不断扩大,人类对土地生态环境的破坏日趋严重。广西北部湾经济区正处于发展的关键时期,土地生态环境状况又关系着区域的可持续发展。对其土地利用的生态风险进行评价,对有效改善生态环境及确定制度政策、合理配置土地资源、促进社会和谐稳定,以及实现区域可持续发展都具有十分重要的意义。以广西北部湾经济区南宁、北海、钦州、防城港四市为研究区域,在分析广西北部湾经济区土地利用时空变化状况的基础上,从风险源、风险受体、风险响应构建评价指标体系,运用模糊综合评价法对广西北部湾经济区的土地利用生态风险进行评价,结果表明:(1)广西北部湾经济区在1995-2015年间土地利用类型变化相对稳定,各区县的土地利用综合动态度均小于2%。发生变化的地区主要在南宁市区、沿海地区及东部地区;发生变化的地类主要为耕地、林草地及建设用地。耕地面积大量减少,主要转为林草地及建设用地;建设用地面积大量增加,主要由耕地及林草地转化而来;林草地面积有所增加,增加的主要来源为耕地;水域及未利用地的变化相对较小。(2)1995年广西北部湾经济区生态风险等级以较低风险等级为主,武鸣县、隆安县、马山县、上林县、横县、钦州市市辖区、灵山县、浦北县、防城港市市辖区、上思县、东兴市均为较低风险区,南宁市市辖区、宾阳县、合浦县为中等风险区,北海市市辖区为高风险区,无低风险区与较高风险区,总体而言,经济区生态环境受到较少的破坏,生态系统结构还较完整,土地生态状况总体上良好。2015年土地利用生态风险等级主要为较低风险等级及中等风险等级,较低风险等级有武鸣县、横县、钦州市市辖区、灵山县、浦北县、防城港市市辖区及上思县共7个区县;中等风险等级有南宁市市辖区、隆安县、马山县、上林县、宾阳县、合浦县、东兴市共7个区县;较高风险区为北海市市辖区。(3)从生态风险等级变化来看,1995年至2015年,南宁市市辖区、武鸣县、宾阳县、横县、合浦县、钦州市市辖区、灵山县、浦北县、防城港市市辖区及上思县的生态风险等级无变化,生态环境较为稳定;隆安县、马山县、上林县、东兴市的生态风险等级都从较低风险上升为中等风险;仅有北海市市辖区的生态风险等级从高风险等级降为较高风险。从生态风险值来看,1995-2015年间,除北海市市辖区及合浦县外,其余区县的生态风险值均增加。总体而言,生态环境呈恶化趋势。(4)基于土地利用动态度与生态风险评价结果,将生态风险变化值与土地利用动态度作相关性分析,结果显示,生态风险变化值与土地利用动态度呈一定的正相关关系,即土地利用变化越大,生态风险值变化也越大。基于以上结果,建议广西北部湾经济区发展过程中,应强化各项规划对发展的引导和约束作用,加强土地利用动态监测,严格落实耕地保护政策,通过适度的人口控制政策缓解区域土地承载力风险,进一步提高公众的生态环境保护意识,促进区域土地资源可持续利用及区域健康有序发展。
[Abstract]:Land is the material basis for the survival and development of human beings. With the expansion of the breadth and depth of human activities, the destruction of the ecological environment of land is becoming more and more serious. The Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi is in the key period of development. The ecological environment of the land is also related to the sustainable development of the region. The evaluation is of great significance to the effective improvement of the ecological environment and the determination of the system policy, the rational allocation of land resources, the promotion of social harmony and stability, and the realization of regional sustainable development. The four cities of Nanning, Beihai, Qinzhou and Fangchenggang in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi are the research areas, and the land use of the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi is analyzed. On the basis of the change of time and space, the evaluation index system was constructed from the source of risk, risk receptor and risk response, and the ecological risk of land use in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that: (1) the change of land use types in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone was relatively stable in 1995-2015 years, and the soil and County Soil in each district. The areas in which the comprehensive dynamic degree is less than 2%. are mainly in Nanning, coastal areas and eastern regions; cultivated land is mainly cultivated land, forest and grassland and construction land. The area of cultivated land is largely reduced, mainly to forest grassland and construction land, and the area of construction land is greatly increased, mainly from cultivated land and forest grassland. The area of forest and grassland is increasing, the main source of the increase is arable land; the change of water and unused land is relatively small. (2) in 1995, the ecological risk grade of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone was mainly low risk grade, Wuming County, Longan County, Mashan County, Shanglin County, Hengxian, Qinzhou City District, Lingshan County, Pubei County, Fangchenggang City District, In Si county, Dongxing city is low risk area, Nanning City District, Binyang county and Hepu county are middle risk area, Beihai city district is high risk area, there is no low risk area and high risk area. In general, the ecological environment of the economic zone is less damaged, the ecological system structure is relatively complete, and the land ecological condition is in good.2015 year land. The use of the ecological risk grade is mainly low risk grade and middle risk grade, the lower risk grade is Wuming County, Hengxian, Qinzhou City District, Lingshan County, Pubei County, Fangchenggang city district and Shangxian County, and the middle risk grade has Nanning City District, Longan County, Mashan County, Shanglin County, Binyang County, Hepu County, Dongxing city. 7 districts and counties; the higher risk area is Beihai municipal district. (3) from the change of ecological risk grade, from 1995 to 2015, the ecological risk level of Nanning municipal district, Wuming County, Binyang County, Hengxian, Hepu County, Qinzhou City District, Lingshan County, Pubei County, Fangchenggang city district and Shangsi county have no change, and the ecological environment is more stable; Longan County, The ecological risk grade of Mashan County, Shanglin county and Dongxing city all increased from low risk to moderate risk. Only the ecological risk grade of Beihai municipal district fell from high risk grade to high risk. From the value of ecological risk, the ecological risk values of other districts and counties all increased in 1995-2015 years, except Beihai City District and Hepu county. The ecological environment is deteriorating. (4) based on the results of land use dynamics and ecological risk assessment, the relationship between the change value of ecological risk and the dynamic degree of land use is analyzed. The results show that the change value of ecological risk has a positive correlation with the dynamic degree of land use, that is, the greater the change of land use, the more the change of ecological risk value is. Based on the above results, it is suggested that during the development of the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi, we should strengthen the guidance and restraint of various planning to development, strengthen the dynamic monitoring of land use, strictly implement the policy of cultivated land protection, alleviate the risk of regional land carrying capacity through a moderate population control policy, and further improve the public's ecological environment protection. It will promote the sustainable utilization of regional land resources and the healthy and orderly development of the region.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

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